What is a major structural difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

• A. Prokaryotic cells have mitochondria, while eukaryotic cells do not.
• B. Prokaryotic cells have a cell wall, while eukaryotic cells do not.
• C. Prokaryotic cells contain chloroplasts, while eukaryotic cells do not.
• D. Prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus, while eukaryotic cells have a nucleus.

Answer: (D)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Understand the basic definitions: Prokaryotic cells are simple, single-celled organisms without a nucleus or other membrane-bound organelles. Eukaryotic cells are more complex and have a nucleus and other organelles enclosed within membranes.
2. Identify the key structural components: Prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus, meaning their genetic material is not enclosed within a membrane. In contrast, eukaryotic cells have a nucleus that houses their genetic material.
3. Consider the presence of organelles: Eukaryotic cells contain various organelles, such as mitochondria and chloroplasts, which are not found in prokaryotic cells. This is a significant structural difference.
4. Evaluate the cell wall presence: While many prokaryotic cells have a cell wall, some eukaryotic cells, like plant cells, also have a cell wall. Therefore, the presence of a cell wall is not a distinguishing feature between all prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
5. Conclude with the major difference: The most significant structural difference is that prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus, whereas eukaryotic cells have a nucleus. This distinction is fundamental to the classification of these cell types.