What is the evolutionary paradox associated with the genetics of altruistic behavior?

• A. Altruistic behavior increases an individual's own fitness while reducing the fitness of others.
• B. Altruistic behavior reduces an individual's own fitness while increasing the fitness of others.
• C. Altruistic behavior has no impact on the fitness of individuals involved.
• D. Altruistic behavior is always beneficial to the individual performing the act.

Answer: (B)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Understand the concept of altruistic behavior in biology: Altruism refers to actions that benefit other individuals at a cost to the one performing the action.
2. Recognize the evolutionary paradox: Altruistic behavior seems to contradict the principle of natural selection, which favors traits that increase an individual's own fitness.
3. Explore the genetic basis of altruism: Consider how genes promoting altruistic behavior can be passed on if they reduce the individual's own fitness.
4. Examine theories that resolve the paradox: Kin selection and inclusive fitness suggest that altruism can evolve if it benefits relatives who share genes with the altruist.
5. Consider the role of reciprocal altruism: This theory proposes that altruistic acts can be beneficial if they lead to future reciprocation, thus indirectly benefiting the altruist.