In plants, gas exchange occurs through small openings on the leaves called _______.

• A. phloem
• B. xylem
• C. stomata
• D. chloroplasts

Answer: (C)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Step 1: Understand the concept of gas exchange in plants. Gas exchange is the process by which plants take in carbon dioxide (CO₂) for photosynthesis and release oxygen (O₂) as a byproduct. This occurs primarily in the leaves.
2. Step 2: Identify the structures involved in gas exchange. In plants, small openings on the surface of leaves, called stomata, are responsible for facilitating this exchange of gases.
3. Step 3: Differentiate stomata from other plant structures mentioned in the options. Phloem and xylem are vascular tissues responsible for transporting nutrients and water, respectively, while chloroplasts are organelles where photosynthesis occurs. None of these are directly involved in gas exchange.
4. Step 4: Recognize the role of stomata. Stomata are surrounded by guard cells that regulate their opening and closing, ensuring efficient gas exchange while minimizing water loss.
5. Step 5: Conclude that the correct answer to the problem is 'stomata,' as they are the structures responsible for gas exchange in plants.