How do somatic mutations differ from inherited mutations?

• A. Somatic mutations can be passed to offspring, while inherited mutations cannot.
• B. Somatic mutations occur in non-reproductive cells and are not passed to offspring, while inherited mutations are present in germ cells and can be passed to offspring.
• C. Somatic mutations are found in all cells of the body, while inherited mutations are only found in specific tissues.
• D. Somatic mutations are always beneficial, whereas inherited mutations are always harmful.

Answer: (B)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Understand the definition of somatic mutations: These are changes in the DNA that occur in non-reproductive cells, meaning they are not involved in the production of gametes (sperm or eggs).
2. Recognize the definition of inherited mutations: These mutations occur in germ cells, which are the reproductive cells responsible for passing genetic information to offspring.
3. Identify the key difference in transmission: Somatic mutations are not passed to offspring because they occur in cells that do not contribute to the next generation. In contrast, inherited mutations can be passed to offspring because they occur in germ cells.
4. Clarify the misconception about the presence of mutations: Somatic mutations are not found in all cells of the body; they are localized to the specific cells where the mutation occurred. Inherited mutations, however, are present in every cell of the offspring because they originate from the germ cells.
5. Address the misconception about the effects of mutations: Somatic mutations can be beneficial, neutral, or harmful, depending on the context and location of the mutation. Similarly, inherited mutations can also vary in their effects, being beneficial, neutral, or harmful.