5. Cell Components

Prokaryotic & Eukaryotic Cells

Transcription (Part 1 of 6) - Introduction

PROKARYOTES VS EUKARYOTES- How cells are different?

No. Tissues are made of these most fundamental units.

No. Organs are made of tissues, which in turn are made of these most fundamental units.

It is the fundamental unit of life.

Which of the following is the simplest collection of matter that can live?

Eukaryotic cells can synthesize proteins, but prokaryotic cells cannot.

No. Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells contain the DNA that encodes proteins and the ribosomes that make them.

Eukaryotic cells are much more successful than prokaryotic cells.

No. In fact, prokaryotic cells are found in greater numbers in more places than eukaryotic cells, so despite their relative simplicity, they are much more successful.

Eukaryotic cells lack many of the organelles found in prokaryotes.

Eukaryotic cells are larger than prokaryotic cells.

No. Eukaryotic cells are typically larger than prokaryotic cells, but size does not affect the function of most cells.

Eukaryotic cells are compartmentalized, which allows for specialization.

Consider how the differences in structure between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells determine how cellular function is accomplished.

In terms of cellular function, what is the most important difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Which of the following clues would tell you whether a cell is prokaryotic or eukaryotic?
a. the presence or absence of a rigid cell wall
b. whether or not the cell is partitioned by internal membranes
c. the presence or absence of ribosomes
d. Both b and c are important clues.

Which domains of life are classified as prokaryotes?

List the structural features in a prokaryotic cell.

Prokaryotic DNA Replication vs eukaryotic DNA Replication

No. High metabolic rates are determined by what happens inside the cell, not by the shape of the cell.

be buried deep in the interior of an organism

No. Cells with high surface-to-volume ratios are distinguished by their function, not by their location within an organism.

No. Prokaryotic cells are distinguished by their lack of organelles, not by their surface-to-volume ratio.

No. For two cells of the same volume, a cell that is spherical will have a smaller surface area than a cell with a convoluted shape.

be involved in the rapid uptake of compounds from the cell's environment

Consider which biological structure determines the surface area of a cell and the function of this structure.

Consider two cells with the same volume but with very different surface areas due to differences in their shapes. The cell with the larger surface area is likely to __________.

Mitochondria, cytoplasm, and plasma membrane

No. Prokaryotes lack organelles such as mitochondria.

No. Prokaryotes are named for their lack of a nucleus.

Ribosomes, plasma membrane, and cytoplasm

Consider those features of cells that are required for all cells to function.

Which of the following features do prokaryotes and eukaryotes have in common?

Which of the following is present in a prokaryotic cell?
a. mitochondrion
b. ribosome
c. nuclear envelope
d. chloroplast

Bacteria

Recap: Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic Cells

Prokaryotic vs eukaryotic transcription

Animation: Prokaryotic Cell Structure and Function

Which organelle packages the genetic/hereditary material in eukaryotes but not in prokaryotic cells?

No. A microtubule is not a tunnel connecting the inside and the outside of the cell. It is a part of the cytoskeleton.

No. The endomembrane system is involved in secretion, not in bringing things into the cell.

No. Ribosomes are sites where protein synthesis occurs.

No. The nucleus is an organelle that is completely enclosed in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells.

Consider the name of the structure that surrounds a cell.

A substance moving from outside the cell into the cytoplasm must pass through __________.

Is this statement true or false? “Animal cells have mitochondria; plant cells have chloroplasts.” Explain your answer, and describe the functions of these organelles.

Eukaryotic cells differ from prokaryotic cells in that only eukaryotic cells                   .
a. contain DNA;
b. have a plasma membrane;
c. are considered to be alive;
d. have a nucleus;
e. are able to evolve

Eukaryotic Transcription

In bacteria, DNA will be found in _______________.

Prokaryotes have DNA that floats freely in the cytoplasm.

Prokaryotes are significantly smaller than eukaryotic cells.

Prokaryotes do not have ribosomes like eukaryotic cells.

Which of the following is/are a primary difference(s) between all prokaryotes and eukaryotic cells?

You isolate a cell with the following characteristics: (1) no nucleus, (2) a cell wall, and the cell is (3) 2 μm in size. This cell could be a/an:

Many species of animals on islands are larger than related species on the mainland. Scientists hypothesize that this phenomenon, called island gigantism, evolved in response to the scarcity of competitors and predators on islands. Reduced competition and predation allows species to exploit more resources and frees them from the need to hide in small refuges.

Suppose that a small mainland tortoise and a large island tortoise are placed in the same pen at a zoo. Which tortoise will be more poikilothermic, the small or large tortoise? Why?

Imagine a spherical cell with a radius of 10 μm. What is the cell’s surface area in μm2? Its volume, in μm3? (Note: For a sphere of radius r, surface area = 4πr2 and volume = 4/3πr3. Remember that the value of π is 3.14.) What is the ratio of surface area to volume for this cell? Now do the same calculations for a second cell, this one with a radius of 20 μm. Compare the surface-to-volume ratios of the two cells. How is this comparison significant to the functioning of cells?

In what ways do the internal membranes of a eukaryotic cell contribute to the functioning of the cell?

Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic DNA Replication

Difference Between Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic DNA replication

Cell Wall Synthesis

DNA Replication | Prokaryotic vs Eukaryotic Enzymes

Microbiology of Bacterial Cell Wall

Transcription in prokaryotes

In what way do the membranes of a eukaryotic cell vary?
a. Phospholipids are found only in certain membranes.
b. Certain proteins are unique to each membrane.
c. Only certain membranes of the cell are selectively permeable.
d. Only certain membranes are constructed from amphipathic molecules.

Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic Cells (Updated)

The time it takes a molecule to diffuse across a cell

No. Although it is true that diffusion time increases with cell size, there is a better answer.

No. Although it is true that surface-to-volume ratios decrease as cell size increases, there is a better answer.

No. Although it is true that flat cells have a greater surface-to-volume ratio than more rounded cells do, there is a better answer.

Consider the general processes required for life and how they might limit cell size.

Which of the following is/are likely to limit the maximum size of a cell?

Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells | Biology | Khan Academy

Replication 101: Prokaryotic vs Eukaryotic  replication

Bacterial Cell Envelope, Gram Positive and Gram Negative Bacteria

Features of Bacterial Cells

DNA Replication in Prokaryotes vs. Eukaryotes

Features of Eukaryotic Cells

Short Video: Paramecium Vacuole

No. In prokaryotic cells, all of the volume enclosed by the plasma membrane is cytosol.

No. All cells, prokaryotic and eukaryotic, have plasma membranes.

No. Ribosomes are required for protein synthesis and are present in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.

Recall that prokaryotes lack many of the structures found in eukaryotes.

Which of the following structures is found in eukaryotic but not prokaryotic cells?

BioFlix: Replication fork in E. Coli

BioFlix: Central Vacuole

Difference Between Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells

Prokaryotic Vs. Eukaryotic Cells

Prokaryotic Vs. Eukaryotic Cells | Differences Animated

Contains a protective cell wall or cell membrane.

Contains a fluid-like portion called the cytoplasm.

Contains a nucleus that stores the genetic material.

Which of the following is not a common feature shared by all types of cells?

What four cellular components are shared by prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Describe the structure of the plasma membrane of an animal cell. What would be found directly inside and outside the membrane?

Structure of Bacteria | Part 3: The Cell wall

Transcription in Prokaryotes vs. Eukaryotes

Bacteria | Structure and Function

No. All cells contain DNA in the form of chromosomes.

No. Prokaryotic cells do not have a nucleus, although they do contain chromosomes in the nucleoid region.

No. Both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells contain ribosomes for protein synthesis.

have no membrane-bounded organelles in their cytoplasm

Recall that prokaryotic cells lack many of the internal structures found in eukaryotic cells.

Bacterial cells are prokaryotic. Unlike a typical eukaryotic cell, they __________.

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