What are the primary functions of carbohydrates in cells?
a. Cell identity, energy storage, raw material source for synthesis, and structure
b. Catalysis, energy storage, metabolism, and structure
c. Catalysis, digestion, energy storage, and information storage
d. Energy storage, information storage, polymerization, and raw material source for synthesis

Verified step by step guidance

1. Understand that carbohydrates are organic molecules composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, typically in a ratio of 1:2:1.
2. Recognize that one of the primary functions of carbohydrates is energy storage. They are stored as glycogen in animals and starch in plants.
3. Identify that carbohydrates serve as a raw material source for the synthesis of other molecules. They can be converted into amino acids and fatty acids.
4. Acknowledge that carbohydrates play a role in cell identity. Glycoproteins and glycolipids on cell surfaces are involved in cell recognition and signaling.
5. Note that carbohydrates contribute to structural components in cells. For example, cellulose in plant cell walls provides structural support.

Key Concepts

Carbohydrates in Energy Storage

Carbohydrates are crucial for energy storage in cells, primarily in the form of glycogen in animals and starch in plants. These polysaccharides can be broken down into glucose, which is used in cellular respiration to produce ATP, the energy currency of the cell. This process is vital for maintaining cellular functions and supporting metabolic activities.

Carbohydrates as Raw Material for Synthesis

Carbohydrates serve as raw materials for the synthesis of other biomolecules. Monosaccharides like glucose can be converted into various compounds, including nucleotides and amino acids, through metabolic pathways. This versatility makes carbohydrates essential for building complex molecules necessary for cell growth and repair.

Carbohydrates in Cell Structure

Carbohydrates contribute to cell structure, particularly in the form of cellulose in plant cell walls and chitin in fungal cell walls and arthropod exoskeletons. These polysaccharides provide rigidity and protection, helping maintain cell shape and integrity. Structural carbohydrates are crucial for the physical support and defense of cells.