Which statement is true of all atoms that are anions?
a. The atom has more electrons than protons.
b. The atom has more protons than electrons.
c. The atom has fewer protons than does a neutral atom of the same element.
d. The atom has more neutrons than protons.

Verified step by step guidance

1. Understand the definition of an anion: An anion is an atom or molecule that has gained one or more electrons, resulting in a net negative charge.
2. Recall that atoms are composed of protons, neutrons, and electrons. Protons are positively charged, electrons are negatively charged, and neutrons have no charge.
3. Consider the charge balance in an anion: Since an anion has a negative charge, it must have more electrons than protons.
4. Evaluate each option based on the definition of an anion: Option a states that the atom has more electrons than protons, which aligns with the definition of an anion.
5. Conclude that option a is the correct statement for an anion, as it accurately describes the electron-proton relationship in anions.

Key Concepts

Anion

An anion is a type of ion that carries a negative charge. This occurs when an atom gains one or more electrons, resulting in more electrons than protons. Anions are typically formed by nonmetals, which have a higher tendency to gain electrons during chemical reactions.

Electron-Proton Balance

In a neutral atom, the number of electrons equals the number of protons, balancing the positive and negative charges. When an atom becomes an anion, it gains electrons, disrupting this balance and resulting in a net negative charge due to the excess of electrons over protons.

Atomic Structure

Atoms consist of a nucleus containing protons and neutrons, surrounded by electrons. The number of protons defines the element, while the number of electrons determines the charge. Anions have more electrons than protons, altering the atom's charge without changing the number of protons or neutrons.