Which term best describes the idea that each living species has descended from other species over time?

• A. Genetic drift
• B. Convergent evolution
• C. Descent with modification
• D. Artificial selection

Answer: (C)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Understand the concept of 'Descent with modification': This term refers to the process by which species change over generations, inheriting traits from their ancestors while also undergoing modifications due to genetic variation and environmental pressures.
2. Compare 'Descent with modification' to other terms provided: Genetic drift refers to random changes in allele frequencies in a population, which is different from the broader concept of species evolving over time. Convergent evolution describes unrelated species developing similar traits due to similar environmental pressures, not descent from a common ancestor.
3. Recognize that 'Artificial selection' involves humans intentionally breeding organisms for specific traits, which is distinct from the natural process of descent with modification.
4. Identify that 'Descent with modification' is the correct term because it encapsulates the idea of species evolving from common ancestors over time, incorporating both inherited traits and changes.
5. Conclude that understanding 'Descent with modification' is fundamental to grasping the principles of evolution and the interconnectedness of all living organisms.