Which of the following best describes the main purpose of meiosis in sexually reproducing organisms?

• A. To produce identical daughter cells for growth and repair
• B. To reduce the chromosome number by half, producing haploid gametes
• C. To increase genetic variation by duplicating chromosomes
• D. To synthesize proteins required for cell function

Answer: (B)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Understand the purpose of meiosis: Meiosis is a specialized type of cell division that occurs in sexually reproducing organisms. Its primary role is to produce gametes (sperm and egg cells) with half the chromosome number of the parent cell, ensuring the correct chromosome number is restored during fertilization.
2. Compare meiosis to mitosis: Unlike mitosis, which produces identical daughter cells for growth and repair, meiosis involves two rounds of division (meiosis I and meiosis II) and results in four genetically unique haploid cells.
3. Recognize the reduction of chromosome number: During meiosis I, homologous chromosomes are separated, reducing the chromosome number by half. This is critical for maintaining the species' chromosome number across generations.
4. Understand genetic variation: Meiosis increases genetic variation through processes like crossing over (exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes during prophase I) and independent assortment (random distribution of homologous chromosomes during metaphase I).
5. Identify the correct answer: The main purpose of meiosis is to reduce the chromosome number by half, producing haploid gametes, and to increase genetic variation, which is essential for evolution and adaptation in sexually reproducing organisms.