15. Gene Expression

Steps of Translation

DNA Translation | mRNA to Protein, and tRNA's Role

Animation: Transfer RNA

 It holds the tRNA that is carrying the next amino acid to be added to the growing polypeptide chain. 

 It helps "unzip" DNA during transcription. 

 No. Ribosomes are not involved in transcription. 

 It catalyzes the addition of amino acids to the tRNAs. 

 No. This is done by aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases. 

 It holds the tRNA carrying the growing polypeptide chain. 

What does the "P" stand for?

The P site of a ribosome does which of the following?

The first tRNA brings the amino acid methionine to the ribosome.

The small and large ribosomal subunits separate from each other.

The polypeptide is released from the ribosome.

A "stop" codon is reached by the ribosome along the mRNA.

Which of the following does not occur during translation's termination step?

It binds to the stop codon in the A site in place of a tRNA.

It releases the amino acid from its tRNA to allow the amino acid to be added to the growing polypeptide.

It supplies a source of energy for termination of translation and the release of the polypeptide.

It releases the ribosome from the rough endoplasmic reticulum and allows the polypeptide to enter the cytosol.

What is the function of the release factor during translation?

Eukaryotic Translation (Protein Synthesis), Animation.

Animation: Termination of Translation

Stages of Translation

2) Elongation of Translation

3.5.4 Explain the process of Translation leading to polypeptide formation

Animation: Initiation of Translation

In a semester-long experiment tracking growth in plants, your lab partner—who often skips class—carefully records the mass of water added to a potted plant with the expectation that this addition will be fully accounted for in the mass gained by the plant. Is your lab partner right or wrong? Explain.

Consider the following statements regarding limiting nutrients. Select True or False for each statement.
T/F Nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) are common examples.
T/F Their presence limits the availability of micronutrients.
T/F Their availability tends to limit plant growth.
T/F Certain macronutrients and micronutrients can be considered limiting nutrients.

Polypeptide Synthesis Model

Animation: Elongation Cycle of Translation

3) Termination of Translation

Translation or Protein Synthesis in 5 minutes

 no further amino acids are needed by the cell 

 No. Translation stops because of a signal present within the mRNA. 

What signals the end of translation?

During translation, amino acid chain elongation occurs until __________.

Lab 8 - Gene Expression - Transcription, Translation and Protein Synthesis.

1) Initiation of Translation

Base pairing of charged methionine-tRNA to AUG of the messenger RNA.

Binding of the larger ribosomal subunit to smaller ribosomal subunits.

The small subunit of the ribosome recognizes and attaches to the mRNA.

Which of the following processes is the first event to take place in translation?

Consider what is coded for by initiator tRNA.

The first amino acid inserted into a new polypeptide chain in eukaryotic cells is usually __________.

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10. Cell Signaling

11. Cell Division

12. Meiosis

13. Mendelian Genetics

14. DNA Synthesis

16. Regulation of Expression

17. Viruses

18. Biotechnology

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20. Development

21. Evolution by Natural Selection

22. Evolution of Populations

23. Speciation

24. History of Life on Earth

25. Phylogeny

26. Prokaryotes

27. Protists

28. Plants

29. Fungi

30. Overview of Animals

31. Invertebrates

32. Vertebrates

33. Plant Anatomy

34. Vascular Plant Transport

35. Soil

36. Plant Reproduction

37. Plant Sensation and Response

38. Animal Form and Function

39. Digestive System

40. Circulatory System

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42. Osmoregulation and Excretion

43. Endocrine System

44. Animal Reproduction

45. Nervous System

46. Sensory Systems

47. Muscle Systems

48. Ecology

49. Animal Behavior

50. Population Ecology

51. Community Ecology

52. Ecosystems

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[BOOK BIO] CLUTCH

Introduction to Types of RNA

Central Dogma

Genetic Code

Introduction to Transcription

Review of Transcription vs. Translation

Steps of Transcription

Introduction to Translation

Mutations

Eukaryotic RNA Processing and Splicing

Post-Translational Modification

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