Which of the following statements best describes carrying capacity?

• A. It is the total number of species present in an ecosystem.
• B. It is the maximum number of individuals of a species that an environment can support sustainably.
• C. It is the rate at which a population increases under ideal conditions.
• D. It is the minimum population size required for a species to survive.

Answer: (B)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Understand the concept of carrying capacity: Carrying capacity refers to the maximum number of individuals of a particular species that an environment can support sustainably over time, given the availability of resources such as food, water, shelter, and other necessities.
2. Eliminate incorrect options: Review each statement provided in the question and determine whether it aligns with the definition of carrying capacity. For example, 'the total number of species present in an ecosystem' refers to species richness, not carrying capacity.
3. Analyze the remaining options: Consider the statement 'the rate at which a population increases under ideal conditions.' This describes the concept of biotic potential or intrinsic growth rate, not carrying capacity.
4. Evaluate the statement 'the minimum population size required for a species to survive': This refers to the concept of a minimum viable population, which is different from carrying capacity.
5. Select the correct statement: The correct description of carrying capacity is 'the maximum number of individuals of a species that an environment can support sustainably.'