Approximately how long does it typically take for new species to form on Earth through the process of natural selection?

• A. Speciation always occurs in less than 100 years.
• B. New species can only form after mass extinction events.
• C. New species usually form within a single generation.
• D. It can take thousands to millions of years, depending on environmental and genetic factors.

Answer: (D)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Understand the concept of speciation: Speciation is the process by which populations evolve to become distinct species. It often occurs due to genetic divergence and environmental pressures over time.
2. Recognize the role of natural selection: Natural selection drives speciation by favoring traits that improve survival and reproduction in specific environments, leading to gradual changes in populations.
3. Consider the timescale: Speciation typically takes thousands to millions of years because genetic changes accumulate slowly, and environmental factors influencing selection can vary over long periods.
4. Debunk misconceptions: Speciation does not occur within a single generation, nor is it limited to mass extinction events. It is a continuous process influenced by genetic variation, reproductive isolation, and environmental changes.
5. Conclude with factors affecting speciation rate: The rate of speciation depends on factors such as mutation rates, population size, geographic isolation, and the intensity of environmental pressures driving natural selection.