The abiotic and biotic conditions of mountain ranges vary with:

• A. longitude
• B. magnetic field strength
• C. ocean currents
• D. altitude

Answer: (D)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Understand the difference between abiotic and biotic factors. Abiotic factors are non-living components of the environment, such as temperature, sunlight, and soil composition. Biotic factors are living components, such as plants, animals, and microorganisms.
2. Recognize that mountain ranges exhibit changes in abiotic and biotic conditions as you move vertically (altitude) rather than horizontally (longitude). Altitude affects temperature, oxygen levels, and pressure, which in turn influence the types of organisms that can survive.
3. Consider how altitude impacts abiotic factors. For example, as altitude increases, temperature generally decreases, and oxygen levels become lower. These changes create distinct environmental zones, such as alpine and subalpine regions.
4. Examine how altitude affects biotic factors. Different plants and animals are adapted to specific altitudinal zones. For instance, certain species thrive in lower altitudes with warmer temperatures, while others are adapted to colder, higher altitudes.
5. Conclude that altitude is the correct answer because it directly influences both abiotic and biotic conditions in mountain ranges, creating distinct ecological zones at different elevations.