What is the result of translation in the process of gene expression?

• A. A polypeptide chain (protein) is synthesized from an mRNA template.
• B. An mRNA molecule is synthesized from a DNA template.
• C. DNA is replicated to produce two identical DNA molecules.
• D. A ribosome is assembled from rRNA and proteins.

Answer: (A)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Understand the process of gene expression, which includes two main stages: transcription and translation. Translation specifically refers to the synthesis of a polypeptide chain (protein) using an mRNA template.
2. Recall that during translation, the mRNA sequence is read by the ribosome in sets of three nucleotides called codons. Each codon corresponds to a specific amino acid.
3. Identify the role of tRNA (transfer RNA) in translation. tRNA molecules carry amino acids to the ribosome and match their anticodon sequences to the codons on the mRNA strand.
4. Recognize that the ribosome facilitates the formation of peptide bonds between amino acids, creating a growing polypeptide chain as it moves along the mRNA strand.
5. Conclude that the result of translation is the synthesis of a polypeptide chain, which will fold into a functional protein. This process is distinct from transcription (mRNA synthesis from DNA) and DNA replication (copying DNA).