Endocrine disruptors directly affect which of the following in an organism?

• A. Hormone signaling pathways
• B. Cell membrane phospholipids
• C. DNA replication enzymes
• D. Mitochondrial ATP production

Answer: (A)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Step 1: Begin by understanding the term 'endocrine disruptors.' These are chemicals that interfere with the endocrine system, which regulates hormone production and signaling in organisms.
2. Step 2: Recall that hormones are chemical messengers that travel through the bloodstream to target cells, where they bind to specific receptors and initiate signaling pathways. Endocrine disruptors can mimic, block, or alter these hormone signals.
3. Step 3: Evaluate the options provided. Hormone signaling pathways are directly related to the endocrine system, as they involve the transmission of hormonal signals. Endocrine disruptors are known to interfere with these pathways.
4. Step 4: Consider the other options. Cell membrane phospholipids, DNA replication enzymes, and mitochondrial ATP production are not directly related to hormone signaling pathways. While these processes are important for cellular function, they are not the primary targets of endocrine disruptors.
5. Step 5: Conclude that endocrine disruptors directly affect hormone signaling pathways, as this is the mechanism through which they disrupt the endocrine system's function.