Which phrase best describes the process of natural selection?

• A. The gradual breakdown of rocks and minerals by wind and water
• B. The random change in allele frequencies in a population
• C. The differential survival and reproduction of individuals due to differences in phenotype
• D. The movement of organisms from one habitat to another

Answer: (C)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Step 1: Begin by understanding the concept of natural selection. Natural selection is a fundamental mechanism of evolution, first described by Charles Darwin. It refers to the process where individuals with traits better suited to their environment tend to survive and reproduce more successfully than others.
2. Step 2: Analyze the options provided in the problem. The first option, 'The gradual breakdown of rocks and minerals by wind and water,' describes weathering, which is a geological process, not related to natural selection.
3. Step 3: Evaluate the second option, 'The random change in allele frequencies in a population.' This describes genetic drift, which is another evolutionary mechanism but is distinct from natural selection as it occurs randomly rather than being driven by differences in phenotype.
4. Step 4: Consider the third option, 'The differential survival and reproduction of individuals due to differences in phenotype.' This accurately describes natural selection, as it emphasizes how certain traits (phenotypes) provide a survival or reproductive advantage in a given environment.
5. Step 5: Review the fourth option, 'The movement of organisms from one habitat to another.' This describes migration, which can influence gene flow but is not the process of natural selection. Based on the analysis, the third option is the correct description of natural selection.