In which organelle does the chemical process of photosynthesis occur?

• A. Mitochondrion
• B. Chloroplast
• C. Ribosome
• D. Nucleus

Answer: (B)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Step 1: Begin by understanding the process of photosynthesis. Photosynthesis is the process by which plants, algae, and some bacteria convert light energy into chemical energy stored in glucose. This process requires light, water, and carbon dioxide.
2. Step 2: Identify the organelle responsible for photosynthesis. Photosynthesis occurs in the chloroplast, which is a specialized organelle found in plant cells and some protists. Chloroplasts contain the pigment chlorophyll, which captures light energy.
3. Step 3: Compare the functions of the other organelles listed in the problem. The mitochondrion is responsible for cellular respiration, the ribosome is involved in protein synthesis, and the nucleus houses genetic material and controls cellular activities. None of these are involved in photosynthesis.
4. Step 4: Understand the structure of the chloroplast. It has an outer membrane, an inner membrane, and internal structures called thylakoids, which are stacked into grana. The thylakoid membranes are where the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis occur.
5. Step 5: Conclude that the correct answer is 'Chloroplast,' as it is the organelle where the chemical process of photosynthesis takes place.