Which of the following accurately describes the relationship between cancer risk and exposure to mutagens?

• A. Exposure to mutagens has no effect on cancer risk.
• B. Increased exposure to mutagens generally raises the risk of developing cancer.
• C. Decreased exposure to mutagens increases the risk of cancer.
• D. Mutagens only affect cancer risk in individuals over the age of 60.

Answer: (B)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Understand the term 'mutagen': A mutagen is an agent, such as radiation or a chemical substance, that causes changes (mutations) in the DNA sequence of an organism. Mutations can disrupt normal cellular processes, potentially leading to cancer.
2. Recognize the link between mutagens and cancer: Mutations caused by mutagens can lead to uncontrolled cell division, a hallmark of cancer. Therefore, exposure to mutagens is a significant factor in increasing cancer risk.
3. Evaluate the options provided: Analyze each statement to determine its accuracy based on biological principles. For example, the statement 'Exposure to mutagens has no effect on cancer risk' contradicts the established link between mutagens and DNA damage.
4. Focus on the correct answer: The statement 'Increased exposure to mutagens generally raises the risk of developing cancer' aligns with scientific evidence, as higher exposure to mutagens increases the likelihood of DNA mutations that can lead to cancer.
5. Clarify misconceptions in other options: For example, 'Decreased exposure to mutagens increases the risk of cancer' is incorrect because reducing exposure to mutagens generally lowers cancer risk. Similarly, 'Mutagens only affect cancer risk in individuals over the age of 60' is false, as mutagens can affect individuals of any age.