What is the evolutionary significance of paralogous genes?

• A. They give the absolute time that the gene duplication occurred.
• B. They give the absolute time that two species diverged.
• C. The fact that many paralogous genes are found in vastly different organisms emphasizes the many biochemical and developmental pathways shared by all organisms.
• D. None of the listed responses is correct.
• E. They increase the size of the genome and provide more opportunity for the evolution of novel characteristics.

Answer: (E)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Understand the concept of paralogous genes: Paralogous genes are genes that are related by duplication within a genome. They often evolve new functions, even if related to the original one.
2. Recognize the evolutionary significance: Paralogous genes can lead to an increase in genetic material, which provides raw material for evolutionary innovation and adaptation.
3. Consider the impact on genome size: The duplication of genes increases the size of the genome, which can lead to the development of new traits or functions.
4. Explore the potential for novel characteristics: With more genetic material available, organisms have more opportunities to evolve new characteristics that may be beneficial for survival and adaptation.
5. Conclude with the correct interpretation: The evolutionary significance of paralogous genes lies in their ability to increase genome size and provide opportunities for the evolution of novel characteristics, rather than providing absolute timing of gene duplication or species divergence.