Selection that acts over evolutionary time to preserve traits that increase an individual's ability to mate is known as __________.

• A. directional selection
• B. disruptive selection
• C. stabilizing selection
• D. balancing selection
• E. sexual selection

Answer: (E)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Understand the concept of sexual selection: Sexual selection is a type of natural selection where certain traits increase an individual's chances of mating and passing on their genes. These traits can be physical characteristics, behaviors, or other attributes that make an individual more attractive to potential mates.
2. Differentiate sexual selection from other types of selection: Directional selection favors one extreme phenotype, disruptive selection favors multiple extreme phenotypes, stabilizing selection favors intermediate phenotypes, and balancing selection maintains genetic diversity. Sexual selection specifically focuses on traits that enhance mating success.
3. Recognize examples of sexual selection: Traits such as bright plumage in birds, elaborate courtship behaviors, or large antlers in deer are often results of sexual selection, as they help individuals attract mates.
4. Consider the evolutionary impact: Over time, sexual selection can lead to significant changes in a population's traits, often resulting in sexual dimorphism, where males and females of a species exhibit different characteristics.
5. Apply the concept to the problem: Given the options, identify that the selection type preserving traits that increase mating ability is sexual selection, as it directly relates to the enhancement of reproductive success.