14. DNA Synthesis

Leading & Lagging DNA Strands

DNA Replication: Leading and Lagging Strand

Leading vs Lagging Strand

The leading strand is synthesized in the same direction as the movement of the replication fork, and the lagging strand is synthesized in the opposite direction.

The leading strand is synthesized by adding nucleotides to the 3' end of the growing strand, and the lagging strand is synthesized by adding nucleotides to the 5' end.

The lagging strand is synthesized continuously, whereas the leading strand is synthesized in short fragments that are ultimately stitched together.

The leading strand is synthesized at twice the rate of the lagging strand.

Which of the following statements correctly describes the difference between the leading and the lagging strands of DNA during DNA replication?

one RNA primer attaches to the 5' end of the parent strand and the other primer to the 3' end.

Both daughter strands can't extend toward the replication fork because there would not be room for two DNA polymerase enzymes.

Both RNA primers attach to the 3' end of the template strands, which are at opposite ends from each other.

The DNA strands run antiparallel to each other and the DNA polymerase can only add nucleotides to the 3' end of the growing strand.

The mechanisms of DNA synthesis differs between the two new daughter strands during replication. This is due to the fact that:

BioFlix: Synthesis of the Lagging Strand

 No. DNA polymerase adds nucleotides to the 3&prime; end of both the leading and the lagging strands. 

 No. DNA polymerase can only add nucleotides to the 3&prime; end of a growing DNA strand. 

 No. On both strands, DNA polymerase links the nucleotide to the 3&prime; OH group of the sugar group found at the end of the DNA strand. 

The same DNA polymerase synthesizes both the leading and the lagging strands by adding nucleotides to the same free ends of growing strands.

DNA polymerase adds nucleotides to the __________ of the leading strands and to the __________ of the lagging strands (Okazaki fragments).

 Primase, helicase, DNA polymerase, ligase 

 No. The helix must be unwound before the RNA primer is produced. 

 Helicase, primase, ligase, DNA polymerase 

 No. The Okazaki fragments must be elongated before they are joined. 

 Helicase, DNA polymerase, primase, ligase 

 No. Because DNA polymerases can only build onto a preexisting strand, an RNA primer is required for elongation to begin. 

 Ligase, primase, DNA polymerase, helicase 

 No. Ligase connects adjacent Okazaki fragments. Before these fragments are produced, the strands of the double helix need to be separated. 

 Helicase, primase, DNA polymerase, ligase 

Review the details of DNA replication.

After the formation of a replication bubble, which of the following is the correct sequence of enzymes used for the synthesis of the lagging DNA strand?

A is the lagging strand, as DNA is always synthesized in the 5' to 3' manner.

B is the lagging strand, as DNA is always synthesized in the 5' to 3' manner.

A is the lagging strand, as DNA is always synthesized in the 3' to 5' manner.

B is the lagging strand, as DNA is always synthesized in the 3' to 5' manner.

It is impossible to tell, with the information provided.

Below is a close-up of the portion of a DNA replication bubble. <img class="fr-dib" src="https://static.studychannel.pearsonprd.tech/courses/biology/thumbnails/images/5761aaaa" style="width: 300px;">Helicase is shown as a yellow triangle currently moving from left to right. Based on what you know about the creation of new DNA during replication, which is the lagging strand and why?

What is the basis for the difference in how the leading and lagging strands of DNA molecules are synthesized?
a. The origins of replication occur only at the 5′ end.
b. Helicases and single-strand binding proteins work at the 5′ end.
c. DNA polymerase can join new nucleotides only to the 3′ end of a pre-existing strand, and the strands are antiparallel.
d. DNA ligase works only in the 3′→5′ direction.

DNA Replication- Leading vs  Lagging Strand

The elongation of the leading strand during DNA synthesis
a. progresses away from the replication fork.
b. occurs in the 3′→5′ direction.
c. produces Okazaki fragments.
d. depends on the action of DNA polymerase.

BioFlix: Synthesis of the Leading Strand

Which is involved in replicating the lagging strand of DNA, but is not involved in leading strand replication?

Plants experience a vast array of conditions that can alter their growth and development, including temperature and availability of water, nutrients, and light. They are also exposed to pollutants such as acid rain formed largely as a result of burning fossil fuels and volcanic eruptions. Acid rain can strip minerals and nutrients from the soil, and eat away the outer waxy layer of tissue that protects a plant. Acid rain is still a major environmental problem in certain regions. How does acid rain affect plant growth?

Give a plausible explanation for the differential effect of acid rain on height in camphor and chinaberry trees (i.e., what structural features might offer more protection from acid rain in one species versus another?).

Determining Leading vs Lagging Strands based off of 5' and 3' ends.

DNA Replication of the Lagging Strand: Explanation Followed by Animation

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