39. Digestive System

Blood Sugar Homeostasis

Components of Blood and their function

BioFlix: Diabetes

Blood Sugar Levels Homeostasis

 No. Leptin is produced by adipose tissue. High blood levels of leptin should cue the brain to suppress appetite. 

 the stomach; the churning motion you feel when you are hungry 

 the stomach; the breakdown of glycogen stores 

 adipose tissue; the breakdown of adipose tissue 

 No. High levels of leptin normally suppress appetite. High levels of leptin are a signal to the brain that there is plenty of fat stored in the body. 

Leptin deficiency can lead to obesity.

Leptin, an appetite regulator, is produced in __________ and at high levels can lead to __________.

Regulation of Blood Glucose

If you were to jog 1 km a few hours after lunch, which stored fuel would you probably tap?
a. muscle proteins
b. muscle and liver glycogen
c. fat in the liver
d. fat in adipose tissue

Explain why insulin injections are more effective in controlling the blood glucose level in individuals with type 1 diabetes mellitus than in those with type 2 diabetes.

When food is plentiful, animals tend to store most of what they eat as fat. Why is this?

BioFlix: Homeostasis: Regulating Blood Sugar

A hormone that reduces the blood glucose level is            , and a hormone that increases the blood glucose level is            .

Introduction to Blood

Composition of Blood

Insulin and the Regulation of Glucose in the Blood

PE: The Components of Blood

 No. Overnourishment causes obesity, which in turn can lead to diabetes. Overnourishment does not, however, directly cause diabetes. 

 No. Overnourishment causes obesity, which in turn can lead to cardiovascular disease. Overnourishment does not, however, directly cause cardiovascular disease. 

 No. Overnourishment causes obesity, which in turn can lead to cancer. Overnourishment does not, however, directly cause cancer. 

Eating more than you need can lead to overnourishment.

Overnourishment is a direct cause of __________.

 Low blood sugar, pancreatic beta cells stimulated, insulin released, breakdown of glycogen in target cells 

 No. When blood sugar levels are low, the pancreas releases glucagon. 

 High blood sugar, pancreatic alpha cells stimulated, insulin released, uptake of glucose by target cells 

 No. Pancreatic beta cells release insulin. 

 High blood sugar, pancreatic alpha cells stimulated, glucagon released, glycogen synthesis in liver 

 No. Glucagon promotes the breakdown of glycogen, not its synthesis. 

 None of the listed responses is correct. 

 No. One of the listed responses is correct. 

 Low blood sugar, pancreatic alpha cells stimulated, glucagon released, breakdown of glycogen in target cells 

How do glucagon and insulin interact with each other?

Which sequence below correctly describes the maintenance of blood glucose levels?

How Insulin and Glucagon Work

 No. Fat is not the first source of calories used. 

 No. Most animals use proteins for energy only after exhausting their supply of carbohydrates and fats. 

 All of the listed responses are correct. 

 No. Only one of the choices is correct. 

What is the first source of stored calories used when losing weight?

Several days after a long holiday weekend including much overeating, you try to cut back on your calories. The first day that you reduce your calorie intake to below the levels that you need, your body will respond by using which of the following?

Blood Glucose Regulation and Diabetes

Blood glucose regulation

 No. Secretin is secreted by the small intestine in response to the low pH of the acidic chyme as it moves into the duodenum from the stomach. 

 No. Calcium is not a hormone and is involved in intracellular signaling, among many other things. 

 No. Glycogen is not a hormone; it is a polysaccharide that is formed by linking together glucose molecules. 

 No. The primary action of glucagon is to elevate blood sugar by accelerating the catabolism of glycogen. 

Think about those with type 1 diabetes mellitus.

Every time you eat a cookie or candy bar, your blood sugar increases. This triggers an increase in blood levels of the hormone __________.

The Composition and Function of Blood

 is a common disorder in overweight individuals older than 40 

 No. Adult onset is a characteristic of type 2 diabetes, although in recent years development in younger individuals has been on the rise. 

 is treated by improving insulin receptor efficiency rather than by giving insulin 

 No. Loss of receptor sensitivity is a characteristic of type 2 diabetes. 

 is the most common form of the disease; more than 90% of all diabetics have type 1 diabetes 

 No. Type 2 diabetes, which is also called insulin-dependent diabetes, is the most common form. 

 can be controlled for many years with exercise and a proper diet 

 No. The responsiveness of the disease to diet and exercise is a characteristic of type 2 diabetes. 

 is an autoimmune disease in which the immune system attacks beta cells in the pancreas 

Type 1 diabetes mellitus results in a shortage of insulin.

Type 1 diabetes mellitus __________.

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1. Introduction to Biology

2. Chemistry

3. Water

4. Biomolecules

5. Cell Components

6. The Membrane

7. Energy and Metabolism

8. Respiration

9. Photosynthesis

10. Cell Signaling

11. Cell Division

12. Meiosis

13. Mendelian Genetics

14. DNA Synthesis

15. Gene Expression

16. Regulation of Expression

17. Viruses

18. Biotechnology

19. Genomics

20. Development