41. Immune System

Immune System

How does your immune system work? - Emma Bryce

Which of these is not part of insect immunity?
a. enzyme activation of pathogen-killing chemicals
b. activation of natural killer cells
c. phagocytosis by hemocytes
d. production of antimicrobial peptides

Cells of the Immune System

Immune System, Part 1: Crash Course Anatomy & Physiology #45

Lymphatic System: Crash Course Anatomy & Physiology #44

 No. Hemoglobin is synthesized during the production of red blood cells. 

 Restriction of their movements to regions within the bone marrow or lymph glands 

 No. Phagocytic white blood cells move from the circulatory system to the site of injury. Some macrophages migrate throughout the body. 

 No. Clotting factors are not produced by white blood cells. 

 None of the listed responses is correct. 

 No. One of the listed responses is correct. 

Think about the main roles of platelets, red blood cells, and white blood cells. .

Which choice below describes a function of white blood cells that helps them carry out defensive functions more effectively?

The Immune System

 the process by which a cell engulfs and takes up a liquid 

 the secretion of antimicrobial peptides 

 No. This is a different type of internal immune defense seen in some invertebrates. 

 the fusion of an intracellular vesicle with the plasma membrane of a cell 

 No. Exocytosis occurs when a vacuole fuses with the plasma membrane and the contents are released to the exterior. 

 the process of activating memory T cells 

 No. Memory T cells are activated by the presentation of antigens by antigen-presenting cells. 

 the cellular ingestion of foreign substances 

What is the difference between phagocytosis and pinocytosis?

Phagocytosis is best defined as __________.

Types of Immune Cells Part 2: Myeloid and Lymphoid Lineages

Structure and Immune Function of the Lymphatic System

Immune System Cells

 attack cells that have been infected by viruses 

 No. Cytotoxic T cells attack cells that have been infected by viruses. 

 engulf and destroy bacteria and viruses 

 No. Macrophages engulf and destroy bacteria and viruses. 

 No. Helper T cells stimulate other lymphocytes. 

 No. Helper T cells and antigen-presenting cells produce cytokines. 

 multiply and make antibodies that circulate in blood and lymph 

Humoral immunity involves B cells.

B lymphocytes __________.

 They punch a hole in the plasma membrane of the pathogen, causing the cell to burst. 

 No. This is accomplished by complement proteins. 

 No. Lysozyme is found in saliva, tears, and mucous secretions. 

 No. Helper T cells stimulate antibody production by plasma cells. 

 No. Cytotoxic T cells attack infected body cells. 

These cells are types of white blood cells.

What do macrophages and neutrophils have in common?

The Lymphatic System | Health | Biology | FuseSchool

Lymphatic System

Types of Immune Cells Part 1: Immune Cell Function

 No. Contractions of the heart do not power the flow of lymph. 

 No. Osmotic pressure is concerned with the movement of substances into and out of vessels. However, capillary bed osmotic pressure can have a significant effect on how much interstitial fluid needs to be returned to the circulation through the lymphatic system. 

 No. Capillaries do not contract and propel blood. 

 No. The interstitial fluid does enter the lymphatic capillaries by diffusion, but this is not the major factor responsible for movement of the lymphatic fluid. 

 Contractions of body muscles near lymph vessels 

Lymphatic vessels use many of the same mechanisms to propel lymph that veins use to propel blood.

Which of the following is the main factor that causes lymph to move through lymphatic vessels?

An Introduction to the Immune System

Nonspecific Defenses

Cells of the Immune System (Brittany Anderton)

 No. These are cells that ingest microbes by phagocytosis. Their primary role is to stimulate the development of adaptive immunity. 

 No. Helper T cells secrete cytokines that stimulate other lymphocytes. 

 No. One of the other choices is correct. 

Consider which example is part of the innate response and is not phagocytic.

Which type of cell is responsible for causing apoptosis in cancer cells and virus-infected cells?

 No. Eosinophils can engulf pathogens, but generally they attack larger parasites by discharging destructive enzymes that damage them. 

 They are phagocytosed by natural killer cells. 

 No. Natural killer cells are not phagocytic. They destroy pathogens by releasing chemicals that kill the foreign cell. 

 No. Neutrophils engulf and destroy microbes in infected tissues. 

 They are phagocytosed by dendritic cells. 

 No. Dendritic cells are involved in adaptive, rather than innate, immunity. 

 They are phagocytosed by macrophages in the spleen. 

Think of the flow of blood through the body.

Which statement describes what would most likely happen to microbes in the blood?

The Immune System Overview, Animation

The Lymphatic System Overview, Animation

Introduction to the Lymphatic System

Introduction to Immunology

 No. Antibodies do not provide structure to either the body or cells. 

 No. Antibodies are not transport proteins. 

Consider the function of antibodies.

Antibodies are in which class of proteins?

 The mice suffered from numerous allergies. 

 No. You would expect just the opposite. 

 The mice never developed cancerous tumors. 

 No. It is more likely that the mice would have a higher incidence of cancers than the control mice, whose thymus glands were not removed. 

 The mice suffered from autoimmune diseases. 

 No. It is unlikely that the mice would suffer from any autoimmune disease. 

 The mice were unable to produce an inflammatory response. 

 No. Inflammation is a result of the release of locally active chemicals, such as histamine. The response does not depend on components of the adaptive immune system. 

 The mice readily accepted tissue transplants. 

The "T" in T cells stands for thymus.

In a series of immune system experiments, the thymus glands were removed from baby mice. Which of the following would you predict as a likely result?

 No. Complement proteins play a role in innate immunity. 

 No. Interferons play a role in innate immunity. 

 No. Antibodies are a component of the adaptive immune response, but they do not elicit the response. 

Plasma cells produce a type of macromolecule that binds to this substance.

Which molecules trigger the adaptive immune response?

 No. Cytotoxic cells are responsible for lysing virus-infected cells and cancerous body cells. 

 No. Natural killer cells play a role in innate immunity. 

 No. Effector cells are produced following clonal selection of either B cells or T cells. They are short-lived. 

They are long-lived cells.

Which of the following types of cells initiate a secondary immune response?

Overview of the Immune System

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