14. DNA Synthesis

Discovering the Structure of DNA

DNA Structure

 No. Deoxyribose is the sugar portion of each nucleotide in DNA. 

 covalent bonds between nitrogen atoms in adenine and in thymine 

 No. These bases are not joined by covalent bonds. 

 covalent bonds between carbon atoms in deoxyribose molecules 

 ionic bonds between guanine and cytosine 

 No. These bases are not joined by ionic bonds. 

 hydrogen bonds between nucleotide bases 

What's the advantage of a large number of relatively weak bonds?

The two antiparallel strands of nucleotides that form the DNA double helix are held together by __________.

HHMI BioInteractive: The Double Helix

The scientist/s that was/were given credit for first determining the structure of DNA is/are:

 the variation in the structure of nucleotides that make up the DNA molecule 

 No. The structure of the nucleotides does not change. 

 the types of sugars used in making the DNA molecule 

 No. The sugar in DNA is always deoxyribose. 

 the sequence of amino acids that makes up the DNA molecule 

 No. DNA is not composed of amino acids. 

 All of the listed responses are correct. 

 No. Only one of the choices is correct. 

 the sequence of nucleotides along the length of the two strands of the DNA molecule 

Consider what aspect of DNA can exhibit variation.

The information in DNA is contained in __________.

In a nucleosome, the DNA is wrapped around
a. histones.
b. ribosomes.
c. polymerase molecules.
d. a thymine dimer.

A nitrogen from the nitrogen-containing base.

In the polymerization of DNA, a phosphodiester bond is formed between a phosphate group of the nucleotide being added and which of the following atoms or molecules of the last nucleotide in the DNA strand?

The scientist/s that used x-ray diffraction to help reveal the structure of DNA is/are:

Rosalind Franklin: DNA's unsung hero - Cláudio L. Guerra

DNA Structure's Discovery - Explained simply

DNA structure

 No. Experiments involving radioactive labeling were useful in determining that DNA is the genetic material. 

 No. This technology was developed after Watson and Crick described the structure of DNA. 

They relied on the work of Rosalind Franklin in developing their model.

Which of the following techniques was most helpful to Watson and Crick in developing their model for the structure of DNA?

 Adenine forms two hydrogen bonds with guanine; thymine forms three hydrogen bonds with cytosine. 

 No. Think about specific base pairing. Moreover, the pairing of A with G would take up more space than allotted by the width of the DNA double helix, and the T-C pairing would take up less space. 

 Adenine forms three hydrogen bonds with thymine; guanine forms two hydrogen bonds with cytosine. 

 No. The characteristics of the bases will not allow this. Review the structures of the bases. 

 Adenine forms two covalent bonds with thymine; guanine forms three covalent bonds with cytosine. 

 No. The bases are not connected to each other by covalent bonds. 

 Adenine forms three covalent bonds with thymine; guanine forms two covalent bonds with cytosine. 

 Adenine forms two hydrogen bonds with thymine; guanine forms three hydrogen bonds with cytosine. 

Specific base pairing has to do with both the size of the nitrogenous bases and their ability to form hydrogen bonds.

Which one of the following statements is correct?

 cytosine and guanine; adenine and thymine 

 No. Cytosine is not a purine, and adenine is not a pyrimidine. 

 cytosine and thymine; adenine and guanine 

 adenine and thymine; cytosine and guanine 

 No. Thymine is not a purine, and guanine is not a pyrimidine. 

 adenine and cytosine; guanine and thymine 

 No. Cytosine is not a purine, and guanine is not a pyrimidine. 

 adenine and guanine; cytosine and thymine 

Purines always pair with pyrimidines.

In DNA, the two purines are __________, and the two pyrimidines are __________.

 No. This would mean that a base paired with itself. 

 only one of the two strands can be used as a template for replication because DNA polymerase only works in one direction 

 No. The complement of the other strand grows discontinuously, by means of Okazaki fragments. 

 they both run in the 3' to 5' direction 

 No. This would not allow the two strands to fit together properly. 

 one strand runs in the 5' to 3' direction and the other runs in the 3' to 5' direction 

Relate the term antiparallel to traffic flow on highways.

The two strands of a DNA double helix are antiparallel. This means that __________.

Detailed DNA Structure

 No. Proteins are composed of amino acid monomers. 

 No. Fatty acids are components of lipids. 

 No. Polysaccharides are composed of monosaccharide monomers. 

What type of macromolecule is DNA?

Monomers for the synthesis of DNA are called __________.

Genetics - Structure of the Double Helix - Lesson 14 | Don't Memorise

The Secret of Life -- Discovery of DNA Structure

 No. Franklin was not responsible for the double helix model. However, knowledge of her X-ray crystallography on DNA played a pivotal role in the development of the model. 

 No. They demonstrated that DNA is the transforming agent. 

 No. Griffith identified the phenomenon of bacterial transformation. 

 No. They showed that DNA is the genetic material in phages. 

The discovery was the basis of the 1962 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.

Who is credited with explaining the structure of the DNA double helix?

It allows variable width of the DNA double helix.

It determines the tertiary structure of the DNA molecule.

It determines the type of protein produced from the DNA.

Within a double-stranded DNA molecule, adenine (A) forms hydrogen bonds with thymine (T), and cytosine (C) forms hydrogen bonds with guanine (G). What is the significance of the structural arrangement?

DNA Structure and Replication: Crash Course Biology #10

 No. Uracil (U) is not a base found in DNA. 

Consider the Watson-Crick base pairing rules. .

One strand of a DNA molecule has the base sequence 5&prime;-ATAGGT-3&prime;. The complementary base sequence on the other strand of DNA will be 3&prime;- __________-5&prime;.

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