18. Cardiovascular System: the Heart

Freshly oxygenated blood is delivered to the __________, and then it passes into the __________ to be pumped to the body tissues (systemic circuit).

Into which chamber of the heart do the pulmonary veins deliver blood?

During pulmonary circulation, blood leaves the __________.

During systemic circulation, blood leaves the __________.

From the perspective of blood returning from the systemic circuit, identify the correct sequence of blood flow through the chambers of the heart.

The inferior vena cava brings blood from the lower regions of the body and empties into the __________.

What part of the heart is considered the systemic circuit pump?

A doctor puts his stethoscope on a patient's chest over the location of the heart and hears an abnormal swishing sound. Which of the following conditions is the best diagnosis for the patient's condition?

The great cardiac vein drains blood from the heart muscle to the (a) left ventricle, (b) right ventricle, (c) right atrium, (d) left atrium.

The portion of the intrinsic conduction system located in the superior interventricular septum is the a. AV node, b. SA node, c. AV bundle, d. subendocardial conducting network.

The serous membrane covering the outer surface of the heart is the (a) parietal layer of the serous pericardium, (b) endocardium, (c) myocardium, (d) visceral layer of the serous pericardium.

Multiple Choice More than one choice may apply. During atrial systole, a. the atrial pressure exceeds ventricular pressure. b. 70 percent of ventricular filling occurs. c. the AV valves are open. d. valves prevent backflow into the great veins.

The simple squamous epithelium covering the heart valves is the (a) epicardium, (b) endocardium, (c) myocardium, (d) endothelium.

The heart is surrounded by the (a) pleural cavity, (b) peritoneal cavity, (c) abdominopelvic cavity, (d) mediastinum, (e) abdominal cavity.

Multiple Choice More than one choice may apply. Soon after the onset of ventricular systole, the a. AV valves close. b. semilunar valves open. c. first heart sound is heard. d. aortic pressure increases.

Multiple Choice More than one choice may apply. The base of the heart is its  _______surface. a. diaphragmatic b. superior c. anterior d. inferior

Identify the superficial structures in the following diagram of the heart. a. ___ b. ___ c. ___ d. ___ e. ___ f. ___ g. ___ h. ___

Describe the location and position of the heart in the body.

Identify the structures in the following diagram of a sectional view of the heart. a. ___ b. ___ c. ___ d. ___ e. ___ f. ___ g. ___ h. ___ i. ___ j. ___ k. ___ l. ___ m. ___

As Cara worked at her dissection, she became frustrated that several of the structures she had to learn about had more than one common name. Provide another name for each of these structures: a. atrioventricular groove, b. tricuspid valve, c. bicuspid valve (give two synonyms), and d. atrioventricular bundle.

Multiple Choice More than one choice may apply. Using the figure, identify the most external part of the pericardium. a. b. c. d. e.

Multiple Choice More than one choice may apply. Which heart chamber pumps blood with the greatest amount of force? a. Right atrium b. Right ventricle c. Left atrium d. Left ventricle

Multiple Choice More than one choice may apply. How many cusps does the right atrioventricular valve have? a. Two b. Three c. Four d. Six

Multiple Choice More than one choice may apply. Which layer of the heart wall is an endothelium? a. Endocardium b. Myocardium c. Epicardium d. Pericardium

Draw a diagram of the heart showing the three layers composing its wall and its four chambers. Label each. Show where the AV and semilunar valves are, and name them. Show and label all blood vessels entering and leaving the heart chambers.

Trace one drop of blood from the time it enters the right atrium of the heart until it enters the left atrium. What is this circuit called?

Florita Santos, a middle-aged woman, is admitted to the coronary care unit with a diagnosis of left ventricular failure resulting from a myocardial infarction. Her history indicates that she awoke in the middle of the night with severe chest pain. Her skin is pale and cold, and moist sounds are heard over the lower regions of both lungs. Explain how failure of the left ventricle can cause these signs and symptoms.

The coronary arteries arise from the __________.

The vessels that carry oxygen to the myocardium are called __________.

The fact that the left ventricular wall is thicker than the right reveals that it a. pumps a greater volume of blood, b. pumps blood against greater resistance, c. expands the thoracic cage, d. pumps blood through a smaller valve.

The chordae tendineae a. the atrioventricular valves, b. prevent the AV valve flaps from everting, c. contract the papillary muscles, d. open the semilunar valves.