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2. Cell Chemistry & Cell Components

Carbohydrates

2. Cell Chemistry & Cell Components

Carbohydrates

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Jason Amores Sumpter

3 Size Classes of Carbohydrates

3 Size Classes of Carbohydrates

Jason Amores Sumpter

Formation & Breakdown of Polysaccharides

Formation & Breakdown of Polysaccharides

Jason Amores Sumpter

Carbohydrate Functions

Carbohydrate Functions

Jason Amores Sumpter

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Animation: Synthesis of Sucrose

Animation: Synthesis of Sucrose

Animation: Starch, Cellulose, and Glycogen Structures

Animation: Starch, Cellulose, and Glycogen Structures

Animation: Monosaccharides

Animation: Monosaccharides

Animation: Carbohydrates

Animation: Carbohydrates

RicochetScience

Biomolecules: The Carbohydrates

Biomolecules: The Carbohydrates

Carbohydrates | Biological Molecules Simplified #1

Carbohydrates | Biological Molecules Simplified #1

2 Minute Classroom

#1 A Level Biology - Biological Molecules

#1 A Level Biology - Biological Molecules

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Showing 9 of 9 videos

Practice this topic

Multiple Choice

Which of the following chemical formulas represents that of a simple carbohydrate?

a) C₂H₂O₂.

b) C₆H₁₂O₆.

c) C₅H₄O₃.

d) C₃H₆O₉.

Has a video solution.

Multiple Choice

Monosaccharides are linked together via a ______________ reaction, forming a _____________bond.

a) Hydrolysis ; Glycosidic.

b) Dehydration synthesis ; Hydrogen.

c) Hydrolysis ; Peptide.

d) Dehydration synthesis ; Glycosidic.

e) Hydrolysis ; Hydrogen.

Has a video solution.

Multiple Choice

Which of the following chemical reactions results in energy release when glycosidic bonds are broken?

a) Condensation reaction.

b) Dehydration synthesis reaction.

c) Hydrolysis reaction.

d) Hydrogen bonding.

Has a video solution.

Multiple Choice

Animal cells store energy in the form of _________, and plant cells store energy in the form of ___________.

a) Sucrose ; glucose.

b) Disaccharides ; monosaccharides.

c) Starch ; glycogen.

d) Cellulose ; chitin.

e) Glycogen ; starch.

Has a video solution.

Multiple Choice

Which polysaccharide is an important component in the structure of lobsters and insects?

a) Chitin.

b) Cellulose.

c) Starch.

d) Glycogen.

e) Polypeptides.

Has a video solution.

Multiple Choice

Generally, animals cannot digest (hydrolyze) the glycosidic linkages between the glucose molecules in cellulose. How then do cows get enough nutrients from eating grass?

Multiple Choice

In what polysaccharide form do plants store glucose to be available later as an energy source?

Multiple Choice

Which of the following molecules is a monosaccharide?

Multiple Choice

At a conference, the speaker's grand finale was sautéing mealworms (insect larvae) in butter and serving them to the audience. They were crunchy (like popcorn hulls) because their exoskeletons contain the polysaccharide __________.

Multiple Choice

Carbohydrates are used in our bodies mainly for __________.

Multiple Choice

The polysaccharide that you are most likely to have eaten recently is __________.

Multiple Choice

One characteristic shared by sucrose, lactose, and maltose is that __________.

Multiple Choice

A polysaccharide that is used for storing energy in human muscle and liver cells is __________.

Multiple Choice

Carbohydrates can function in which of the following ways?

Multiple Choice

Amylase is an enzyme that breaks down starch. Why can the same enzyme not break down cellulose?

Multiple Choice

The subunits (monomers) in cellulose are linked together by __________.

Multiple Choice

Which of the following components of a tossed salad will pass through the human digestive tract and be digested the least?

Textbook Question

Which of the following categories includes all others in the list? a. disaccharide b. polysaccharide c. starch d. carbohydrate

Has a video solution.

Textbook Question

What are three ways monosaccharides differ from one another?

Has a video solution.

Textbook Question

The enzyme amylase can break glycosidic linkages between glucose monomers only if the monomers are in the α form. Which of the following could amylase break down? a. glycogen, starch, and amylopectin b. glycogen and cellulose c. cellulose and chitin d. starch, chitin, and cellulose

Has a video solution.

Textbook Question

A glucose molecule is to starch as (Explain your answer.) a. a steroid is to a lipid. b. a protein is to an amino acid. c. a nucleic acid is to a polypeptide. d. a nucleotide is to a nucleic acid.

Has a video solution.

Textbook Question

What type of bond is formed between two sugars in a disaccharide? a. glycosidic linkage b. phosphodiester bond c. peptide bond d. hydrogen bond

Has a video solution.

Textbook Question

What holds cellulose molecules together in bundles large enough to form fibers? a. the cell wall b. peptide bonds c. hydrogen bonds d. hydrophobic interactions

Has a video solution.

Textbook Question

Cows can derive nutrients from cellulose because a. they produce enzymes that recognize the shape of the glucose-glucose bonds and hydrolyze them. b. they re-chew their cud to break down cellulose fibers. c. their digestive tract contains microorganisms that can hydrolyze the bonds of cellulose. d. they convert cellulose to starch and can digest starch.

Has a video solution.

Textbook Question

What are the primary functions of carbohydrates in cells? a. cell identity, energy storage, raw material source for synthesis, and structure b. catalysis, energy storage, metabolism, and structure c. catalysis, digestion, energy storage, and information storage d. energy storage, information storage, polymerization, and raw material source for synthesis

Has a video solution.

Textbook Question

Which of the differences listed here could be found among molecules of the same monosaccharide? Select True or False for each statement. T/F There is a difference in the orientation of a hydroxyl group in the ring form. T/F There is a difference in the number of carbons. T/F There is a difference in the position of the carbonyl group in the linear form. T/F There is a difference in the overall shape of the molecule—one is a ring and the other is linear.

Has a video solution.

Textbook Question

VISUAL SKILLS Choose the term that correctly describes the relationship between these two sugar molecules: a. structural isomers b. cis-trans isomers c. enantiomers d. isotopes

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Textbook Question

Although cellulose and starch are identical in terms of stored chemical energy, our ability to harvest the energy from these two polysaccharides differs considerably. What is responsible for this difference?

Has a video solution.

Textbook Question

Contrast the structure of glycogen and chitin in terms of their monosaccharides, glycosidic linkages, and interactions between polysaccharide chains.

Has a video solution.

Textbook Question

Lysozyme, an enzyme found in human saliva, tears, and other secretions, catalyzes the hydrolysis of the ββ-1,4-glycosidic linkages in peptidoglycan. Predict the effect of this enzyme on bacteria and how it may be involved in human health.

Has a video solution.

Textbook Question

Galactosemia is a potentially fatal disease that occurs in humans who lack the enzyme that converts galactose to glucose. If you were a physician treating a person with this disease, which of the following would you have them exclude from their diet? a. maltose b. starch c. mannose d. lactose

Has a video solution.

Textbook Question

If you hold a salty cracker in your mouth long enough, it will begin to taste sweet. What is responsible for this change in taste?

Has a video solution.

Textbook Question

Sucrose is broken down in your intestine to the monosaccharides glucose and fructose, which are then absorbed into your blood. What is the name of this type of reaction? Using this diagram of sucrose, show how this would occur.

Has a video solution.

Textbook Question

Mark the following statements as true or false. If a statement is false, correct it to make a true statement.

a. Carbohydrates are the main source of fuel for the human body.

Has a video solution.

Textbook Question

Mark the following statements as true or false. If a statement is false, correct it to make a true statement.

b. The main storage form of glucose in the human body is starch.

Has a video solution.

Textbook Question

The polysaccharide cellulose is not digestible by humans, as we lack the enzyme cellulase, which is required to break it down. Certain dietary supplements contain the enzyme cellulase and claim that being able to break down cellulose will help a person lose weight. But what do you think would happen if we could digest the cellulose we ate?

Has a video solution.

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