26. Fluid and Electrolyte Balance, Acid Base Balance

Which of the following is NOT an electrolyte?

The most abundant cation in extracellular fluid is potassium.

Which of the following would increase sodium excretion?

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) acts on the __________ to __________ water excretion.

A major stimulus for the release of antidiuretic hormone is __________.

The condition in which sodium levels are too low is referred to as __________.

The most prevalent electrolyte in the extracellular fluid is __________.

When the concentration of Na⁺ in the ECF decreases, __________.

The only cation exerting significant osmotic pressure in the ECF is __________.

Electrolyte balance in the body usually refers to the balance of __________.

When atrial natriuretic peptide is released by the heart because of increased blood pressure, it causes __________.

Potassium, magnesium, and phosphate ions are the predominant electrolytes in a. plasma, b. interstitial fluid, c. intracellular fluid.

Sodium balance is regulated primarily by control of amount(s) a. ingested, b. excreted in urine, c. lost in perspiration, d. lost in feces.

Answer questions 5 through 10 by choosing responses from the following: a. ammonium ions b. bicarbonate c. calcium d. chloride e. hydrogen ions f. magnesium g. phosphate h. potassium i. sodium j. water Two main substances regulated by the influence of aldosterone on the kidney tubules.

Explain why and how total body sodium content, ECF volume, and blood pressure are jointly regulated.

Explain how Na ⁺ balance, ECF volume, and blood pressure are jointly regulated.

Mrs. Bush, a 70-year-old woman, is admitted to the hospital. Her history states that she has been suffering from diarrhea for three weeks. On admission, she complains of severe fatigue and muscle weakness. A blood chemistry study yields the following information: Na⁺ 142 mEq/L; K⁺ 1.5 mEq/L; Cl ⁻ 92 mEq/L; Pco₂ 32 mm Hg. Which electrolytes are within normal limits? Which are so abnormal that the patient has a medical emergency? Which of the following represents the greatest danger to Mrs. Bush? a. a fall due to her muscular weakness, b. edema, c. cardiac arrhythmia and cardiac arrest.

Parathyroid hormone (PTH) increases Ca²⁺ deposition in the bones.

The most important factor that influences K⁺ secretion is __________.

What is the most abundant cation in intracellular fluid?

Parathyroid hormone __________.