14. The Autonomic Nervous System

Why does the sympathetic nervous system cause decreased activity in the digestive tract?

Which of the following statements is true?

Why are many preganglionic fibers in the sympathetic nervous system short?

Efferent neurons in the sympathetic nervous system will always arise in the __________________. Then, they will pass through the sympathetic ____________, where they will either synapse with another neuron, or continue towards the effector and synapse later on.

Indicate the results of sympathetic activation of the following structures: sweat glands, eye pupils, adrenal medullae, heart, bronchioles of the lungs, liver, blood vessels of vigorously working skeletal muscles, blood vessels of digestive viscera, salivary glands.

Describe the meaning and importance of sympathetic tone and parasympathetic tone.

Which of the following actions would you expect when sympathetic neurons release norepinephrine onto β₁ receptors?

a. Decreased sweat production

b. Constriction of blood vessels serving the digestive, urinary, and integumentary systems

c. Adjustment of the shape of the lens

d. Increase in the rate and force of contraction of the heart.

The sympathetic nervous system is also known as the ________ division because the cell bodies of its preganglionic neurons are located in the ________ .