2. Cell Chemistry & Cell Components

The primary building blocks (monomers) of proteins are: 

a) Glucose molecules.

b) Lipids.

c) Nucleotides.

d) Amino acids.

e) None of these.

Which two functional groups are always found in amino acids?

a) Carbonyl and amino groups.

b) Carboxyl and amino groups.

c) Amino and sulfhydryl groups.

d) Hydroxyl and carboxyl groups.

What term is used for an amino acid chain that has greater than 50 covalently linked amino acids?

a) Protein.

b) Peptide.

c) Amino acid.

d) Polypeptide.

The specific amino acid sequence in a protein is its:

a) Primary structure.

b) Secondary structure.

c) Tertiary structure.

d) Quaternary structure.

Which of the following is true of protein structure?

a) Peptide bonds are formed by hydrolysis.

b) Peptide bonds join the amine group on one amino acid with the R group of another amino acid.

c) Secondary protein structures are caused by hydrogen bonding between atoms of the peptide backbone.

d) Tertiary protein structure emerges when there is more than one polypeptide in a protein.

What is the role of a chaperone protein?

a) Assist in RNA and DNA folding.

b) Assist in membrane transport.

c) Assist in protein denaturation.

d) Assist in dehydration synthesis reactions.

e) Assist in protein folding or re-naturing.

Mark the following statements as true or false. If a statement is false, correct it to make a true statement.

d. Proteins are composed of strings of fatty acids linked by glycosidic bonds.

An enzyme is a:

a. biological catalyst that increases the concentration of the products.

b. biological catalyst that increases the concentration of the reactants.

c. chemical that is used in a reaction, after which it can no longer be used by the cell.

d. biological catalyst that works by bringing its substrates closer to their transition states.

Why is it important for a protein to maintain its structure? What is it called when a protein loses its structure?