2. Cell Chemistry & Cell Components

Which of the following reactions is most consistent with that of a base?

a) NH₄⁺ → NH₃ + H⁺

b) H₂CO₃ → HCO₃^- + H⁺

c) NaOH → Na⁺ + OH^-

d) HCl → H⁺ + Cl^-

The addition of an acid like HCl to an aqueous solution (pure water) would result in:

a) An increase in pH only.

b) Both the release of H⁺ and an increase in pH.

c) Both the release of H⁺ and a decrease in pH.

d) The release of H⁺ into the solution only.

e) A decrease in pH only.

In what way(s) do bases work to increase the pH of a solution?

a) Increasing the concentration of hydroxide ions.

b) Decreasing the concentration of hydrogen ions.

c) Decreasing the concentration of hydroxide ions.

d) Increasing the concentration of hydrogen ions.

e) Both a & b.

f) Both c & d.

Which of the following is not a property of water?

a. Water has a high heat capacity.

b. Water doesn't take heat with it when it evaporates.

c. Water is a polar solvent in which many solutes will dissolve.

d. Water serves as a cushion and lubricant in the body.

Mark the following statements as true or false. If a statement is false, correct it to make a true statement.

a .Acids dissociate in water to give hydrogen ions and an anion.

Mark the following statements as true or false. If a statement is false, correct it to make a true statement.

b. As a solution's pH rises, it becomes more acidic.

Mark the following statements as true or false. If a statement is false, correct it to make a true statement.

c .A buffer is a system of chemicals that resists a change in pH

Mark the following statements as true or false. If a statement is false, correct it to make a true statement.

d. A solution with a pH of 10 has more hydrogen ions than a solution with a pH of 2.

A salt is:

a. a metal cation bonded to a nonmetal anion.

b. a hydrogen ion donor.

c. an electrolyte that conducts electricity in water.

d. Both a and c are correct.

e. Both b and c are correct.

Some claim that the pH of your blood can be affected by eating acidic foods such as citrus. Do you believe this to be true? Explain your answer. (Hint: What happens when extra hydrogen ions are added to the blood?)

Explain how buffer systems in the body work if the pH of body fluids increases. Is this an example of a negative or a positive feedback loop? Explain. (Connects to Chapter 1)