3. Energy &amp; Cell Processes

Fermentation allows a cell to:

a) Recycle NADH to NAD⁺ for glycolysis.

b) Use NADH as a terminal electron acceptor.

c) Reduce NAD⁺ to NADH for glycolysis.

d) Synthesize ATP via ATP synthase.

2020

Which of the following describes a primary function of both lactic acid fermentation and alcohol fermentation?

a) Reduction of NAD⁺ to NADH.

b) Oxidation of NADH to NAD⁺.

c) Reduction of FAD to FADH₂.

d) Hydrolysis of ATP to ADP.

2384

In which of the steps of aerobic and anaerobic cellular respiration does substrate-level phosphorylation occur?

a) In glycolysis only.

b) In the Krebs cycle only.

c) In the electron transport chain only.

d) In both glycolysis and the Krebs cycle.

e) In both the Krebs cycle and the electron transport chain.

1548

Which of the following statements about NAD⁺ is true?

a) NAD⁺ is reduced to NADH during glycolysis, pyruvate oxidation, and the Krebs cycle.

b) NAD⁺ has more chemical energy than NADH.

c) NAD⁺ donates high energy electrons to the electron transport chain.

d) In the absence of NAD⁺, glycolysis can still function.

6878

In brewing beer, maltose (a disaccharide of glucose) is __________.

617

Muscle tissues make lactate from pyruvate to do which of the following?

In glycolysis in the absence of oxygen, cells need a way to regenerate which compound?

763

Sports physiologists at an Olympic training center wanted to monitor athletes to determine at what point their muscles were functioning anaerobically. They could do this by checking for a buildup of which of the following compounds?

1117

Fermentation is essentially glycolysis plus an extra step in which pyruvate is reduced to form lactate or alcohol and carbon dioxide. This last step __________.

1459

Which metabolic pathway is common to both fermentation and cellular respiration of a glucose molecule? a. the citric acid cycle b. the electron transport chain c. glycolysis d. reduction of pyruvate to lactate

1067

Which of the following correctly describe the fermentation pathway? Select True or False for each statement. T/F It includes a reaction that oxidizes NADH to NAD+. T/F It synthesizes ATP by substrate-level phosphorylation. T/F It includes a reaction that reduces NAD+ to NADH. T/F It synthesizes electron acceptors, so that cellular respiration can continue.

736

Which of the following is a distinction between cellular respiration and fermentation? a. the transfer of from intermediate substrates to ADP b. the movement of H+ across a membrane down its concentration gradient c. the splitting of glucose into two molecules of pyruvate d. electrons moving through the electron transport chain

350

In which of the following is the first molecule becoming reduced to the second molecule? a. pyruvate → acetylCoA b. pyruvate → lactate c. glucose → pyruvate d. NADH + H+ →NAD+ + 2H

570

Anaerobic respiration . a. generates proteins for muscles to use; b. occurs in yeast cells only; c. does not use oxygen as the final electron acceptor; d. uses glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, and the electron transport chain

686

Compare and contrast fermentation as it occurs in your muscle cells and in yeast cells.

385