25. Urinary System

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The lowest blood concentration of nitrogenous waste occurs in the a. hepatic vein, b. inferior vena cava, c. renal artery, d. renal vein.

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If a freshly voided urine sample contains excessive amounts of urochrome, it has a. an ammonia-like odor, b. a pH below normal, c. a dark yellow color, d. a pH above normal.

How does aldosterone modify the chemical composition of urine?

Why is urinalysis a routine part of any good physical examination?

A 55-year-old woman is awakened by an excruciating pain that radiates from her right abdomen to her flank on the same side. The pain is not continuous, but it recurs every 3 to 4 minutes. Diagnose this patient's problem, and cite factors that might favor its occurrence. Explain why this woman's pain comes in 'waves.'

What happens to the rate of RBC production in a patient on dialysis with total renal failure? What could be given to the patient to counteract such a problem? (Hint: You might want to check Table 9.2 for help with this one.)

Mr. Jessup, a 55-year-old man, is operated on for a cerebral tumor. About one month later, he complains that he is excessively thirsty and that he has been voiding almost continuously. A urine sample is collected, and its specific gravity is 1.001. What is your diagnosis of Mr. Jessup's problem, and how might it be related to his previous surgery?

Raymond is hypertensive and was recently diagnosed with impaired kidney function based on urinalysis and a blood test for creatinine. What sorts of test results would you expect, and how is hypertension related to kidney function?

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Normal urine should have which of the following properties? Circle all that apply.

a. Translucency

b. Yellowish pigment

c. Cloudy appearance

d. pH less than 4.5

The GFR may be estimated by measuring the rate at which certain substances are removed from the blood, which is known as:

a. renal clearance.

b. plasma creatinine.

c. glomerular hydrostatic pressure.

d. inulin estimation.

What might it mean if you found a high concentration of urobilinogen in your patient's urine? (Hint: Consider the source of urobilinogen.) (Connects to Chapter 19)

Which of the following is NOT a physical characteristic of freshly voided urine in a healthy person?

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Urine: physical and chemical properties

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Analyzing Urine Samples

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Multiple Choice

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Which of the following substances is the largest component of urine by weight after water?

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The presence of glucose and ketone bodies in the urine can indicate __________.

Abnormal urine components

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Analyzing Urine Samples

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