18. Biotechnology

The Steps of PCR

Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) | Biomolecules | MCAT | Khan Academy

1) Denaturation

Animation: Copying DNA through PCR

Review the molecular details of the PCR.

In the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique, a heating phase and a cooling phase alternate. An original sample of DNA would have to pass through how many total rounds of heating and cooling before a sample is increased eight times in quantity?

 ribosomes, nucleosomes, and messenger RNA 

 No. Ribosomes are needed for translation, not DNA synthesis. 

 transfer RNA, matching amino acids, and messenger RNA 

 No. These are required for translation, not DNA synthesis. 

 ribosomes, matching amino acids, and primers 

 No. Primers are necessary for DNA synthesis, but ribosomes and matching amino acids are required for translation. 

What is required for a single round of PCR?

A molecular biologist has isolated a short segment of DNA that she wants to replicate in vitro. First she heats the DNA, which separates the two strands, and then she adds __________.

PCR-Polymerase Chain Reaction

What is Polymerase Chain Reaction? | PCR Explained

2) Annealing

PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction)

The enzyme makes DNA that is extremely similar to human DNA.

 It is cheaper to obtain from live microorganisms than producing the enzyme in a lab.

This thermophile's DNA polymerase does not require primers to begin DNA synthesis.

This thermophile's DNA polymerase can withstand high temperatures that denature most proteins.

Why is a DNA polymerase from a thermophilic bacterium used in PCR?

Molecular Biology

Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) Protocol

If the sequence of DNA in Question 12 were amplified using 25 PCR cycles, then the amount of this DNA would be predicted to increase by           -fold.

HHMI BioInteractive: Polymerase Chain Reaction

3) Extension

Why was it important to include a positive control and a negative control in the PCR analysis?

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