The Galápagos finches are an example of an array of species that:

• A. arose independently on each island through convergent evolution
• B. are genetically identical but display different behaviors
• C. evolved from a common ancestor through adaptive radiation
• D. were introduced to the islands by human activity

Answer: (C)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Understand the concept of adaptive radiation: Adaptive radiation refers to the process by which organisms diversify rapidly into a variety of forms to adapt to different environmental niches. This often occurs when a single ancestral species colonizes a new area with diverse habitats.
2. Recognize the significance of the Galápagos finches: The finches are a classic example of adaptive radiation, where a single ancestral species evolved into multiple species, each adapted to specific ecological niches on the islands.
3. Eliminate incorrect options: Convergent evolution refers to unrelated species developing similar traits due to similar environmental pressures, which does not apply here. The finches are not genetically identical, as they have distinct genetic differences corresponding to their adaptations. Human activity did not introduce the finches to the islands; they naturally colonized them.
4. Focus on the correct explanation: The finches evolved from a common ancestor and diversified into different species, each with unique traits such as beak shapes, which are adaptations to their specific feeding habits and environments.
5. Conclude with the correct answer: The Galápagos finches are an example of species that evolved from a common ancestor through adaptive radiation, showcasing how environmental pressures drive evolutionary diversification.