Organisms that possess homologous structures probably:

• A. evolved independently through convergent evolution
• B. live in the same environment
• C. share a common ancestor
• D. perform the same function with those structures

Answer: (C)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Understand the concept of homologous structures: Homologous structures are anatomical features that are similar in structure and position but may serve different functions in different organisms. These similarities suggest a shared evolutionary origin.
2. Clarify the difference between homologous and analogous structures: Homologous structures arise from a common ancestor, while analogous structures arise due to convergent evolution, where unrelated organisms independently evolve similar traits due to similar environmental pressures.
3. Analyze the evolutionary implication: If organisms possess homologous structures, it indicates that they inherited these traits from a common ancestor, even if the structures now serve different functions.
4. Evaluate the incorrect options: 'Evolved independently through convergent evolution' refers to analogous structures, not homologous ones. 'Live in the same environment' is not necessarily true for organisms with homologous structures, as they can adapt to different environments over time.
5. Conclude with the correct answer: Organisms with homologous structures share a common ancestor, as these structures are evidence of evolutionary relationships and descent with modification.