1. Introduction to Biology

2. Chemistry

3. Water

4. Biomolecules

5. Cell Components

6. The Membrane

7. Energy and Metabolism

8. Respiration

9. Photosynthesis

10. Cell Signaling

11. Cell Division

12. Meiosis

13. Mendelian Genetics

14. DNA Synthesis

15. Gene Expression

16. Regulation of Expression

17. Viruses

18. Biotechnology

19. Genomics

20. Development

21. Evolution by Natural Selection

22. Evolution of Populations

23. Speciation

24. History of Life on Earth

25. Phylogeny

26. Prokaryotes

27. Protists

28. Plants

29. Fungi

30. Overview of Animals

31. Invertebrates

32. Vertebrates

33. Plant Anatomy

34. Vascular Plant Transport

35. Soil

36. Plant Reproduction

37. Plant Sensation and Response

38. Animal Form and Function

39. Digestive System

40. Circulatory System

41. Immune System

42. Osmoregulation and Excretion

43. Endocrine System

44. Animal Reproduction

45. Nervous System

46. Sensory Systems

47. Muscle Systems

48. Ecology

49. Animal Behavior

50. Population Ecology

51. Community Ecology

52. Ecosystems

53. Conservation Biology

[BOOK BIO] CLUTCH

Alcohol or ethanol fermentation | Cellular respiration | Biology | Khan Academy

No. Speeding up glycolysis is a consequence of lactate production in muscles, not the cause of it.

Get rid of pyruvate produced by glycolysis

No. The accumulation of pyruvate is not a problem to muscle cells; it rarely occurs under aerobic or anaerobic conditions.

No. This would require O2, and muscle cells do not make lactate unless O2 is absent.

No. Lactate production in muscles does not produce any CO2.

Consider what is regenerated when the electron transport chain is functioning normally.

Muscle tissues make lactate from pyruvate to do which of the following?

Fermentation & Anaerobic Respiration

Lactic Acid & Alcoholic Fermentation

Anaerobic Respiration

No. Ethanol is a fermentation product of yeast.

No. Carbon dioxide is produced during cellular respiration. It does not need to be regenerated.

No. Lactate is a fermentation product of animal cells.

No. The glucose is not regenerated in this process.

In glycolysis in the absence of oxygen, cells need a way to regenerate which compound?

Lactic Acid Fermentation

NAD+ is reduced to NADH during glycolysis, pyruvate oxidation, and the Krebs cycle.

NAD+ has more chemical energy than NADH.

NAD+ donates high energy electrons to the electron transport chain.

In the absence of NAD+, glycolysis can still function.

Which of the following statements about NAD+ is true?a) NAD+ is reduced to NADH during glycolysis, pyruvate oxidation, and the Krebs cycle.b) NAD+ has more chemical energy than NADH.c) NAD+ donates high energy electrons to the electron transport chain.d) In the absence of NAD+, glycolysis can still function.

Anaerobic respiration                   .
a. generates proteins for muscles to use;
b. occurs in yeast cells only;
c. does not use oxygen as the final electron acceptor;
d. uses glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, and the electron transport chain

9.5 Fermentation & Anaerobic Respiration

Anaerobic Respiration and Fermentation

Lactic Acid Fermentation | Detailed

Fermentation: Lactic Acid, Alcohol & Glycolysis

Which metabolic pathway is common to both fermentation and cellular respiration of a glucose molecule?
a. the citric acid cycle
b. the electron transport chain
c. glycolysis
d. reduction of pyruvate to lactate

Recycle NADH to NAD+ for glycolysis.

Use NADH as a terminal electron acceptor.

Reduce NAD+ to NADH for glycolysis.

Fermentation allows a cell to:a) Recycle NADH to NAD+ for glycolysis.b) Use NADH as a terminal electron acceptor.c) Reduce NAD+ to NADH for glycolysis.d) Synthesize ATP via ATP synthase.

Fermentation

What Happens to Aerobic Organisms if There's No Oxygen?

Science of Cider - Alcoholic Fermentation

Which of the following describes a primary function of both lactic acid fermentation and alcohol fermentation?a) Reduction of NAD+ to NADH.b) Oxidation of NADH to NAD+.c) Reduction of FAD to FADH2.d) &nbsp;Hydrolysis of ATP to ADP.

removes poisonous oxygen from the environment

No. Oxygen does not participate in this process; in fact, lactate production is an emergency process for many cells when conditions are anaerobic.

No. The additional step in the fermentation process does not produce any ATP.

No. If the additional step(s) of fermentation did not occur, the production of pyruvate would be inhibited.

enables the cell to make pyruvate into substances it can use

No. In fact, pyruvate is more useful to the cell than is alcohol or lactate, which cannot be metabolized in the absence of oxygen.

enables the cell to recycle the reduced NADH to oxidized NAD+

How does the process of fermentation in the absence of oxygen permit glycolysis to continue?

Fermentation is essentially glycolysis plus an extra step in which pyruvate is reduced to form lactate or alcohol and carbon dioxide. This last step __________.

No. The alcohol in beer is produced under anaerobic conditions.

one of the enzymes for alcoholic fermentation

No. Enzymes are usually proteins but never carbohydrates.

a substitute for pyruvate that cannot be made in yeast

No. All cells can perform glycolysis, which means that all cells can produce pyruvate.

Consider what happens to maltose under the alcoholic fermentation conditions needed to make beer.

In brewing beer, maltose (a disaccharide of glucose) is __________.

Compare and contrast fermentation as it occurs in your muscle cells and in yeast cells.

Metabolism - Part 2 - Glycolysis and Lactic Acid Fermentation

Alcohol Fermentation

In both the Krebs cycle and the electron transport chain.

In which of the steps of aerobic and anaerobic cellular respiration does substrate-level phosphorylation occur?a) In glycolysis only.b) In the Krebs cycle only.c) In the electron transport chain only.d) In both glycolysis and the Krebs cycle.e) In both the Krebs cycle and the electron transport chain.

Making ATP without Oxygen

No. Under anaerobic conditions, the accumulation of ATP in cells should go down, not up.

No. In fact, when cells become anaerobic they do not use the citric acid cycle, which is the source of most carbon dioxide.

No. As long as the muscle is working, ADP will be produced from the hydrolysis of ATP.

No. If the cell were anaerobic, there would be no oxygen.

Consider which of these is a product of fermentation in muscle cells.

Sports physiologists at an Olympic training center wanted to monitor athletes to determine at what point their muscles were functioning anaerobically. They could do this by checking for a buildup of which of the following compounds?

Which of the following is a distinction between cellular respiration and fermentation?
a. the transfer of from intermediate substrates to ADP
b. the movement of H+ across a membrane down its concentration gradient
c. the splitting of glucose into two molecules of pyruvate
d. electrons moving through the electron transport chain

In which of the following is the first molecule becoming reduced to the second molecule?
a. pyruvate → acetylCoA
b. pyruvate → lactate
c. glucose → pyruvate
d. NADH + H+ →NAD+ + 2H

Which of the following correctly describe the fermentation pathway? Select True or False for each statement.
T/F It includes a reaction that oxidizes NADH to NAD+.
T/F It synthesizes ATP by substrate-level phosphorylation.
T/F It includes a reaction that reduces NAD+ to NADH.
T/F It synthesizes electron acceptors, so that cellular respiration can continue.

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