What are the two main types of anaerobic respiration/fermentation?

• A. Photosynthesis and chemosynthesis
• B. Alcoholic fermentation and lactic acid fermentation
• C. Citric acid cycle and electron transport chain
• D. Glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation

Answer: (B)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Understand that anaerobic respiration refers to the process of producing energy without oxygen. This is different from aerobic respiration, which requires oxygen.
2. Recognize that fermentation is a type of anaerobic respiration. It allows cells to generate energy in the absence of oxygen by converting glucose into other compounds.
3. Identify the two main types of fermentation: alcoholic fermentation and lactic acid fermentation. These processes occur in different organisms and result in different end products.
4. Alcoholic fermentation is carried out by yeast and some types of bacteria. It converts glucose into ethanol and carbon dioxide. This process is used in brewing and baking.
5. Lactic acid fermentation occurs in muscle cells and some bacteria. It converts glucose into lactic acid, which can accumulate in muscles during intense exercise, leading to fatigue.