How does a lymphocyte exhibit immunocompetence?

• A. By producing antibodies against all pathogens indiscriminately
• B. By engulfing and digesting pathogens directly
• C. By displaying specific receptors on its surface that recognize a unique antigen
• D. By releasing histamine to initiate inflammation

Answer: (C)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Understand the concept of immunocompetence: Immunocompetence refers to the ability of a lymphocyte (a type of white blood cell) to recognize and respond to specific antigens, which are molecules or structures on pathogens that trigger an immune response.
2. Learn about lymphocyte receptors: Lymphocytes, such as B cells and T cells, exhibit immunocompetence by displaying specific receptors on their surface. These receptors are highly specialized and can bind to unique antigens, allowing the lymphocyte to target specific pathogens.
3. Differentiate between the options: Analyze why the other options are incorrect. For example, producing antibodies indiscriminately would not be specific, engulfing pathogens directly is a function of phagocytes (not lymphocytes), and releasing histamine is a role of mast cells, not lymphocytes.
4. Focus on the correct mechanism: The correct answer highlights the specificity of lymphocyte receptors. These receptors are tailored to recognize one particular antigen, ensuring a targeted immune response rather than a generalized one.
5. Relate to the immune system: Immunocompetence is a critical feature of adaptive immunity, which relies on the ability of lymphocytes to recognize and remember specific antigens for a more efficient response during future encounters with the same pathogen.