Which statement best describes how geographic isolation can contribute to land animal speciation?

• A. Geographic isolation prevents populations from interbreeding, allowing genetic differences to accumulate and potentially leading to the formation of new species.
• B. Geographic isolation increases gene flow between populations, reducing the likelihood of speciation.
• C. Geographic isolation causes immediate genetic changes that result in new species within a single generation.
• D. Geographic isolation only affects plant species and does not influence animal speciation.

Answer: (A)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Step 1: Begin by understanding the concept of speciation. Speciation is the process by which new species arise from existing ones, often due to genetic divergence over time.
2. Step 2: Recognize the role of geographic isolation in speciation. Geographic isolation occurs when populations of the same species are separated by physical barriers such as mountains, rivers, or distance, preventing interbreeding.
3. Step 3: Analyze how geographic isolation affects gene flow. When populations are isolated, gene flow (exchange of genetic material) between them is reduced or stopped, allowing genetic differences to accumulate independently in each population.
4. Step 4: Understand the accumulation of genetic differences. Over time, mutations, natural selection, and genetic drift can lead to significant genetic divergence between isolated populations, potentially resulting in reproductive isolation and the formation of new species.
5. Step 5: Evaluate the statements provided in the problem. The correct statement is the one that aligns with the concept of geographic isolation preventing interbreeding, leading to genetic divergence and speciation. Eliminate incorrect options based on their inaccuracies regarding gene flow, immediate genetic changes, or the exclusion of animal speciation.