Which of the following could result in speciation due to biogeographic isolation?

• A. A species of fish migrates seasonally between two connected lakes.
• B. A population of birds is separated by the formation of a new mountain range, leading to genetic divergence.
• C. Individuals within a population display different color morphs but remain in the same geographic area.
• D. Two populations of insects interbreed freely in the same habitat.

Answer: (B)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Understand the concept of speciation: Speciation occurs when populations of the same species become reproductively isolated and diverge genetically over time, often due to physical, behavioral, or ecological barriers.
2. Identify the role of biogeographic isolation: Biogeographic isolation refers to the physical separation of populations by geographic barriers, such as mountains, rivers, or oceans, which prevent gene flow between populations.
3. Analyze each scenario: Evaluate whether each scenario involves geographic isolation and whether it could lead to genetic divergence over time.
4. Scenario 1: A species of fish migrates seasonally between two connected lakes. Since the lakes are connected and the fish migrate freely, there is no geographic isolation, and gene flow continues. This scenario is unlikely to result in speciation.
5. Scenario 2: A population of birds is separated by the formation of a new mountain range. The mountain range acts as a geographic barrier, preventing gene flow between the separated populations. Over time, genetic divergence could occur, leading to speciation. This scenario aligns with the concept of speciation due to biogeographic isolation.