Which example describes an abiotic factor that could impact the diversity of an ecosystem?

• A. The introduction of a new predator species
• B. A prolonged drought reducing water availability
• C. A disease outbreak among herbivores
• D. Competition between two plant species for sunlight

Answer: (B)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Step 1: Understand the concept of abiotic factors. Abiotic factors are non-living components of an ecosystem that can influence living organisms and ecosystem dynamics. Examples include temperature, water availability, sunlight, soil quality, and climate conditions.
2. Step 2: Differentiate between abiotic and biotic factors. Biotic factors involve living organisms, such as predators, herbivores, or competition between species, while abiotic factors are physical or chemical elements like droughts, sunlight, or temperature changes.
3. Step 3: Analyze the options provided in the problem. Identify which examples involve living organisms (biotic factors) and which involve non-living elements (abiotic factors).
4. Step 4: Focus on the example of 'a prolonged drought reducing water availability.' A drought is an abiotic factor because it involves a non-living environmental condition (lack of water) that can significantly impact the diversity and survival of organisms in an ecosystem.
5. Step 5: Conclude that the correct answer is the example describing the abiotic factor, 'a prolonged drought reducing water availability,' as it directly affects the ecosystem's diversity by influencing water-dependent organisms and processes.