Which statement best describes the evolutionary significance of mutualism?

• A. Mutualism decreases genetic variation within populations.
• B. Mutualism increases the fitness of both interacting species, promoting their survival and reproduction.
• C. Mutualism only benefits one species while harming the other.
• D. Mutualism always leads to the extinction of one of the interacting species.

Answer: (B)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Understand the concept of mutualism: Mutualism is a type of symbiotic relationship where both species involved benefit from the interaction, enhancing their survival and reproduction.
2. Analyze the evolutionary significance: Mutualism increases the fitness of both species by providing advantages such as access to resources, protection, or reproductive assistance, which can promote their survival and reproduction.
3. Evaluate the incorrect options: Mutualism does not decrease genetic variation within populations, as it does not directly affect genetic diversity. It also does not harm one species while benefiting the other, nor does it lead to extinction of either species.
4. Focus on the correct statement: Mutualism increases the fitness of both interacting species, which aligns with the principles of natural selection and evolutionary biology.
5. Conclude that mutualism plays a key role in promoting biodiversity and ecological stability by fostering cooperative interactions that benefit both species involved.