14. DNA Synthesis

Telomeres

How Telomerase Can Immortalize Cells and Cause Cancer

Plants experience a vast array of conditions that can alter their growth and development, including temperature and availability of water, nutrients, and light. They are also exposed to pollutants such as acid rain formed largely as a result of burning fossil fuels and volcanic eruptions. Acid rain can strip minerals and nutrients from the soil, and eat away the outer waxy layer of tissue that protects a plant. Acid rain is still a major environmental problem in certain regions. How does acid rain affect plant growth?

Beyond primary and secondary growth, what other aspects of plant growth might be negatively affected when plants are exposed to environmental stress?

The region of DNA that holds two sister chromatids together.

Enzymes that elongate a new DNA strand during replication.

What are telomeres and how do they protect our cells?

Telomeres, Telomerase, and their Function

Which of the following types of cells are affected most by telomere shortening?

Telomerase will speed up the rate of cell division.

Telomerase stops telomere shortening and slows or stops cellular aging. c) Telomerase shortens telomeres, which slows or stops cellular aging.

Telomerase shortens telomeres, which slows or stops cellular aging.

Telomerase would have no effect on cellular aging.

Telomere shortening puts a limit on the number of times a cell can divide. Research has shown that telomerase can extend the life span human cells. How might adding telomerase affect cellular aging?

How does telomerase prevent linear chromosomes from shortening during replication?

Telomerase Function - Animation

No. As the name implies, telomerase is an enzyme that acts upon telomeres.

No. In fact, telomerase appears to slow cell aging and is generally present only in germ cells and cancer cells.

No. Telomerase may actually play a role in maintaining cancers by allowing cancerous cells to divide many times without losing the ends of their chromosomes.

No. Telomerase does act upon telomeres, but not by splitting them.

Consider the meaning of the suffix "-ase."

Telomerase __________.

Telomeres and Telomerases

What Are Telomeres & Why They Are Important in Anti-Aging – Dr.Berg on Telomeres and Aging

Which of the following effects might be caused by reduced or very little active telomerase activity?

get longer with each round of DNA replication

are found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells

No. Prokaryotic chromosomes are circular; they do not have telomeres.

remain the same regardless of the frequency of DNA replication

No. Telomere length usually decreases with each round of DNA replication.

No. In general, the older the individual, the shorter the telomeres.

get shorter with each round of DNA replication

Consider where telomeres are found.

Telomeres __________.

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