Which of the following best completes the concept map by describing the main mechanism by which evolution occurs in natural populations?

• A. Genetic engineering
• B. Natural selection
• C. Artificial selection
• D. Mutation alone

Answer: (B)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Understand the concept of evolution: Evolution refers to the change in the genetic composition of populations over generations, driven by various mechanisms.
2. Review the mechanisms listed in the problem: Genetic engineering, natural selection, artificial selection, and mutation alone. Consider how each contributes to changes in populations.
3. Explain natural selection: Natural selection is the process by which individuals with traits better suited to their environment are more likely to survive and reproduce, passing those advantageous traits to the next generation. This is the primary mechanism of evolution in natural populations.
4. Contrast natural selection with other mechanisms: Genetic engineering is a human-driven process, artificial selection involves intentional breeding by humans, and mutation alone does not account for the differential survival and reproduction seen in natural selection.
5. Conclude that natural selection is the best answer: It is the main mechanism driving evolution in natural populations because it explains how environmental pressures lead to the adaptation of species over time.