Universal phylogenetic trees built from different genes sometimes give inconsistent results. What basic assumption on which phylogenetic trees are based has probably been violated during the history of life?

• A. Analogous traits come about because of convergent evolution.
• B. Homologous traits come about because of common ancestry.
• C. The greater the difference in gene sequences, the longer two species have diverged.
• D. Genes are often passed from one organism to another without the occurrence of reproduction.
• E. Genes are passed vertically from one generation to the next.