Which of the following is most likely to contribute to developing stomach ulcers during a prolonged period of stress?

• A. Increased synthesis of ATP in the cytoplasm
• B. Decreased oxygen consumption in mitochondria
• C. Increased secretion of gastric acid due to elevated cortisol levels
• D. Enhanced production of insulin by pancreatic beta cells

Answer: (C)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Understand the context: Stomach ulcers are often caused by damage to the stomach lining due to excessive gastric acid secretion, which can be exacerbated by stress-related hormonal changes.
2. Identify the key biological mechanism: During prolonged stress, the body releases cortisol, a stress hormone produced by the adrenal glands. Elevated cortisol levels can stimulate the secretion of gastric acid in the stomach.
3. Relate cortisol to gastric acid secretion: Cortisol influences the activity of parietal cells in the stomach lining, which are responsible for producing hydrochloric acid (HCl). Increased cortisol levels can lead to hypersecretion of gastric acid.
4. Eliminate irrelevant options: Increased ATP synthesis, decreased oxygen consumption, and enhanced insulin production are not directly related to the development of stomach ulcers. Focus on the option that involves gastric acid secretion.
5. Conclude the connection: The correct answer is 'Increased secretion of gastric acid due to elevated cortisol levels,' as this directly links stress-induced hormonal changes to the development of stomach ulcers.