Which of the following is characteristic of endemic species?
a. They are often found in biodiversity hot spots.
b. They are distributed widely in the biosphere.
c. They require edges between ecosystems.
d. They are often keystone species whose presence helps to structure a community.

Verified step by step guidance

1. Understand the term 'endemic species': Endemic species are organisms that are native to and found only within a specific geographic area. They are not naturally found anywhere else in the world.
2. Analyze option a: Biodiversity hot spots are regions with a high level of species richness and endemism. Endemic species are often concentrated in these areas due to unique environmental conditions and isolation.
3. Analyze option b: Endemic species are not distributed widely in the biosphere. Instead, they are restricted to specific locations, which is the opposite of widespread distribution.
4. Analyze option c: Edges between ecosystems, known as ecotones, are transitional areas where two ecosystems meet. While some species may thrive in these areas, this is not a defining characteristic of endemic species.
5. Analyze option d: Keystone species play a critical role in maintaining the structure of a community, but not all endemic species are keystone species. Endemism refers to geographic restriction, not ecological function.

Key Concepts

Endemic Species

Endemic species are organisms that are native to and found only within a specific geographic area. This limited distribution often makes them particularly vulnerable to extinction, as they may not survive outside their native habitat. Examples include the Galápagos tortoise, which is unique to the Galápagos Islands.

Biodiversity Hot Spots

Biodiversity hot spots are regions that are both rich in endemic species and significantly threatened by human activities. These areas are crucial for conservation efforts, as they contain a high number of species that are not found anywhere else, making their preservation vital for maintaining global biodiversity.

Keystone Species

Keystone species are organisms that have a disproportionately large impact on their environment relative to their abundance. Their presence or absence can significantly alter the structure and function of an ecosystem. For example, sea otters are considered a keystone species because they help maintain kelp forest ecosystems by controlling sea urchin populations.