Which of the following is NOT an ecological principle of wildlife management?

• A. All individuals in a population have identical roles
• B. Nutrient cycles are essential for ecosystem function
• C. Carrying capacity limits population size
• D. Energy flows in one direction through ecosystems

Answer: (A)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Understand the question: The problem is asking which statement is NOT an ecological principle of wildlife management. This means we need to identify the statement that does not align with established ecological concepts.
2. Review the provided options: Carefully analyze each statement to determine whether it aligns with ecological principles. The options are: (1) All individuals in a population have identical roles, (2) Nutrient cycles are essential for ecosystem function, (3) Carrying capacity limits population size, and (4) Energy flows in one direction through ecosystems.
3. Evaluate each option: (1) 'All individuals in a population have identical roles' is not true because individuals in a population often have different roles based on factors like age, sex, and behavior. (2) 'Nutrient cycles are essential for ecosystem function' is a well-established ecological principle. (3) 'Carrying capacity limits population size' is a fundamental concept in population ecology. (4) 'Energy flows in one direction through ecosystems' is a core principle of energy transfer in ecosystems.
4. Identify the incorrect statement: Based on the evaluation, the statement 'All individuals in a population have identical roles' does not align with ecological principles, as populations exhibit role differentiation among individuals.
5. Conclude the solution: The correct answer to the question is the statement that does not represent an ecological principle, which is 'All individuals in a population have identical roles.'