9. Photosynthesis

Review of Photosynthesis

Photosynthesis Steps and Pathways

The light reactions of photosynthesis generate ATP, but aerobic cellular respiration consumes ATP.

In aerobic cellular respiration, ATP is produced through chemiosmosis, but in photosynthesis, ATP is produced through substrate level phosphorylation

Aerobic cellular respiration consumes reduced electron carriers (ex: NADH) to make ATP, but the light reactions synthesize reduced electron carriers (ex: NADPH) while also synthesizing ATP.

The electron transport chain of aerobic cellular respiration ends with the reduction of NAD+, while the electron transport chain of the light reactions starts with the reduction of NADP+.

<div title="Page 20">A key difference between aerobic cellular respiration and the light reactions of photosynthesis is (are):</div>

No. The splitting of water produces O2.

 No. However, this answer is partially correct. 

 as molecular oxygen and in sugar molecules 

Think about the reaction that describes photosynthesis.

In photosynthesis, what is the fate of the oxygen atoms present in CO2? They end up __________.

GCSE Biology - Photosynthesis  #48

Photosynthesis (UPDATED)

 Even though it cannot carry out the light reactions, the plant can still produce sugars because the Calvin cycle does not require light. 

 No. The Calvin cycle is dependent on the products of the light reactions. 

 Even though the plant received no visible light, it was able to use the short-wave part of the electromagnetic spectrum (gamma rays and X-rays) to carry out photosynthesis. 

 No. Short-wave radiation is not absorbed significantly by the pigments of photosynthesis. 

 When light energy is not available, plants can derive energy from inorganic molecules. 

 None of the listed responses is correct. 

 No. One of the other choices is correct. 

 While it did have access to light, the plant stored energy in the form of sugars or starch, and it was able to derive energy from the stored molecules during your vacation. 

Consider all of the organelles found within a plant cell.

You have a large, healthy philodendron that you carelessly leave in total darkness while you are away on vacation. You are surprised to find that it is still alive when you return. What has the plant been using for an energy source while in the dark?

 It assists chlorophyll in capturing light. 

 No. The reaction of light and chlorophyll requires no assistance. Even isolated chlorophyll will continue to react with light. 

 It acts as the primary electron acceptor for the photosystems. 

 No. P680 and P700 are the electron acceptors associated with the two photosystems. 

 As part of the electron transport chain, it manufactures ATP. 

No. Although NADP+ is the terminal component of the electron transport system in the thylakoid membrane, it does not participate in ATP synthesis.

 As a component of photosystem II, it catalyzes the hydrolysis of water. 

No. NADP+ is not involved in the splitting of water. What does the molecule carry?

 It is reduced and then carries electrons to the Calvin cycle. 

Consider what happens to NADP+ during the light reactions.

What is the role of NADP+ in photosynthesis?

 The light reactions produce carbon dioxide, ATP, and NADPH, all of which are used in the Calvin cycle. 

 No, but part of this answer is correct. 

The light reactions produce ADP and NADP+, both of which are used in the Calvin cycle.

No. ADP and NADP+ are used to make ATP and NADPH, respectively, during the light reactions.

 The light reactions produce water, ATP, and NADPH, all of which are used in the Calvin cycle. 

 The light reactions produce carbon dioxide and water, both of which are used in the Calvin cycle. 

 No. Reexamine which compounds are produced by the light reactions and used by the Calvin cycle. 

 The light reactions produce ATP and NADPH, both of which are used in the Calvin cycle. 

Many products of the light reactions are required for the Calvin cycle.

Which of the following statements correctly describes the relationship between the light reactions and the Calvin cycle?

Recap Map of Photosynthesis

Review of Photosynthesis Example 1

Photosynthesis vs. Cellular Respiration Comparison

Both create a H+ concentration gradient.

Both possess ATP synthase which uses the potential energy from the H+ concentration gradient to create ATP.

Both have the goal of creating energy storing molecules such as ATP.

All of these are similarities between the light reactions in photosynthesis and the electron transport chain/chemiosmosis in cellular respiration EXCEPT which of these answers?

No. CO2 is not the source of O2.

CO2 ... both photosystem I and the Calvin cycle

Review the events of noncylic electron flow. .

During photosynthesis in chloroplasts, O2 is produced from __________ via a series of reactions associated with __________.

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Brief Summary on Photosynthesis - Animation

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1. Introduction to Biology

2. Chemistry

3. Water

4. Biomolecules

5. Cell Components

6. The Membrane

7. Energy and Metabolism

8. Respiration

10. Cell Signaling

11. Cell Division

12. Meiosis

13. Mendelian Genetics

14. DNA Synthesis

15. Gene Expression

16. Regulation of Expression

17. Viruses

18. Biotechnology

19. Genomics

20. Development

21. Evolution by Natural Selection

22. Evolution of Populations

23. Speciation

24. History of Life on Earth

25. Phylogeny

26. Prokaryotes

27. Protists

28. Plants

29. Fungi

30. Overview of Animals

31. Invertebrates