At which point in the adaptation of a population is it clear that speciation has occurred?

• A. Gene pool changes adapt a population to a local environment.
• B. An allopatric separation occurs.
• C. Viable, fertile hybrids occur.
• D. All of the listed responses are correct.
• E. Gene pool changes establish reproductive barriers between two populations.

Answer: (E)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Understand the concept of speciation: Speciation is the evolutionary process by which populations evolve to become distinct species. It involves the development of reproductive barriers that prevent gene flow between populations.
2. Identify the role of gene pool changes: Gene pool changes refer to alterations in the genetic makeup of a population. These changes can lead to adaptations that are specific to a local environment, potentially leading to reproductive isolation.
3. Recognize the significance of reproductive barriers: Reproductive barriers are mechanisms that prevent different species from interbreeding. These can be prezygotic (before fertilization) or postzygotic (after fertilization) barriers.
4. Evaluate the options: Consider each option in the context of speciation. Gene pool changes that establish reproductive barriers are a clear indicator of speciation, as they prevent interbreeding between populations.
5. Conclude with the correct understanding: Speciation is confirmed when gene pool changes result in reproductive barriers, ensuring that two populations can no longer interbreed to produce viable, fertile offspring.